| 1. | Katz T., Mackiewicz S., Ranachowski Z., Kowalewski Z.L., Antolik Ł.♦, Ultrasonic detection of transversal cracks in rail heads - theoretical approach, ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS (ROZPRAWY INŻYNIERSKIE), ISSN: 0867-888X, DOI: 10.24423/EngTrans.1695.20211220, Vol.69, No.4, pp.437-456, 2021 Abstract:In the paper the calculation of ultrasonic field generated by the transmitting transducer and the energy of the beam returning after the reflection at the defect in the rail volume is presented. The focus of the authors is directed on the specific transducer - defect configurations where the common methods of determination of ultrasonic beam trajectory fails. To solve this problem the refraction effexts are studied and its impact is calculated. Keywords:non-destructive testing, rolling contact fatigue damage, ultrasound Affiliations:| Katz T. | - | IPPT PAN | | Mackiewicz S. | - | IPPT PAN | | Ranachowski Z. | - | IPPT PAN | | Kowalewski Z.L. | - | IPPT PAN | | Antolik Ł. | - | Railway Research Institute (PL) |
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