Tytko G., Adamczyk-Habrajska M., Linke Y., Liu Z., Kopeć M., High frequency eddy current method in inspection of aluminide coatings integrity after simulating service loads, MEASUREMENT, ISSN: 0263-2241, DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117356, Vol.252, No.117356, pp.1-11, 2025

Abstract:
This study investigates the use of high-frequency eddy current testing (ECT) to assess the structural integrity of aluminide coatings on MAR-M247 nickel superalloy under simulated fatigue conditions. Aluminide coatings, deposited via chemical vapor deposition at thicknesses of 20 µm and 40 µm, were tested using custom-designed probes optimized for defect detection. Results demonstrate that substrate grain structure and coating thickness significantly influence coating durability, with fine-grain substrates exhibiting the least resistance changes and greatest fatigue tolerance. Eddy current signal variations correlated with microstructural changes, enabling detection of damage otherwise invisible to traditional methods. These findings establish ECT as a precise, non-destructive approach for monitoring aluminide coatings in critical applications.

Keywords:
Nickel alloys, Aluminide coating, Non-destructive testing, Eddy current testing

Ahmed Abdullah A. A., Alegret N., Almeida B., Pierini F., Zargarian S., ..., Interfacing with the Brain: How Nanotechnology Can Contribute, ACS Nano, ISSN: 1936-0851, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c10525, Vol.19, No.11, pp.10630-10717, 2025

Abstract:
Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is the central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain–machine interfaces have changed over time, along with the available technology. Mechanical levers and cable winches were used to move parts of the brain during the mechanical age. Sophisticated electronic wiring and remote control have arisen during the electronic age, ultimately leading to plug-and-play computer interfaces. Nonetheless, our brains are so complex that these visions, until recently, largely remained unreachable dreams. The general problem, thus far, is that most of our technology is mechanically and/or electrically engineered, whereas the brain is a living, dynamic entity. As a result, these worlds are difficult to interface with one another. Nanotechnology, which encompasses engineered solid-state objects and integrated circuits, excels at small length scales of single to a few hundred nanometers and, thus, matches the sizes of biomolecules, biomolecular assemblies, and parts of cells. Consequently, we envision nanomaterials and nanotools as opportunities to interface with the brain in alternative ways. Here, we review the existing literature on the use of nanotechnology in brain–machine interfaces and look forward in discussing perspectives and limitations based on the authors’ expertise across a range of complementary disciplines─from neuroscience, engineering, physics, and chemistry to biology and medicine, computer science and mathematics, and social science and jurisprudence. We focus on nanotechnology but also include information from related fields when useful and complementary.

Jones A. P., Haley M. J., Meadows M. H., Gregory G. E., Hannan C. J., Simmons A. K., Bere L. D., Lewis D. G., Pedro O., Smith M. J., King A. T., Evans D. Gareth R., Paszek P., Brough D., Pathmanaban O. N., Couper K. N., Spatial mapping of immune cell environments in NF2-related schwannomatosis vestibular schwannoma, Nature Communications, ISSN: 2041-1723, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57586-z, Vol.16, pp.2944-1-18, 2025

Abstract:
NF2-related Schwannomatosis (NF2 SWN) is a rare disease characterised by the growth of multiple nervous system neoplasms, including bilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS). VS tumours are characterised by extensive leucocyte infiltration. However, the immunological landscape in VS and the spatial determinants within the tumour microenvironment that shape the trajectory of disease are presently unknown. In this study, to elucidate the complex immunological networks across VS, we performed imaging mass cytometry (IMC) on clinically annotated VS samples from NF2 SWN patients. We reveal the heterogeneity in neoplastic cell, myeloid cell and T cell populations that co-exist within VS, and that distinct myeloid cell and Schwann cell populations reside within varied spatial contextures across characteristic Antoni A and B histomorphic niches. Interestingly, T-cell populations co-localise with tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in Antoni A regions, seemingly limiting their ability to interact with tumorigenic Schwann cells. This spatial landscape is altered in Antoni B regions, where T-cell populations appear to interact with PD-L1+ Schwann cells. We also demonstrate that prior bevacizumab treatment (VEGF-A antagonist) preferentially reduces alternatively activated-like TAMs, whilst enhancing CD44 expression, in bevacizumab-treated tumours. Together, we describe niche-dependent modes of T-cell regulation in NF2 SWN VS, indicating the potential for microenvironment-altering therapies for VS.

Włoczewski M., Jasiewicz K., Jenczyk P., Gadalińska E., Kulikowski K., Zhang Y., Li R., Jarząbek D. M., AlCoCrFeNiTi0.2 High-Entropy Alloy Under Plasma Nitriding: Complex Microstructure Transformation, Mechanical and Tribological Enhancement, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, ISSN: 1073-5623, DOI: 10.1007/s11661-025-07752-1, pp.1-17, 2025

Abstract:
In this study, the AlCoCrFeNiTi0.2 high-entropy alloy (HEA) was plasma nitrided to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-entropy nitrides formed in the surface layer of the bulk sample. XRD measurements revealed a BCC → FCC crystal structure transformation, with the σ phase disappearing and hexagonal aluminum nitride emerging. Further experimental studies on the nitrided samples, including SEM, EDS, and EBSD, uncovered element segregation into multiple FCC phases with similar lattice constants, such as the NaCl-type (AlCrCoFeNiTi0.2)N high-entropy nitride. These observations align with theoretical analysis based on KKR-CPA calculations. Additionally, plasma nitriding induced high surface porosity; however, micropillar compression testing combined with nanoindentation revealed localized areas with significant hardness. A substantial reduction in the coefficient of friction was also observed. These findings not only provide deeper insights into the nitriding process of complex alloys, like dual-phase HEAs, but also hold promise for further exploration in the manufacturing of super-hard surfaces with high-entropy nitrides, enhancing mechanical properties for applications in harsh environments.

Świercz A., Błachowski B. D., Olaszek P., Holnicki-Szulc J. K., Jankowski Ł., Computationally efficient multi-type sensor placement for large-scale engineering structures, MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, ISSN: 0888-3270, DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112615, Vol.230, pp.112615-1-112615-21, 2025

Abstract:
Performance of a structural health monitoring (SHM) system depends on the set of sensors distributed across the monitored structure. Optimal deployment of sensors on large-scale structures, such as tied-arch bridges, is a significant challenge. Condition assessment of a bridge is typically based on its displacement response under operational or diagnostic loads. However, direct displacement measurements require reference-based methods, which is problematic for bridges. Consequently, other sensor types that do not require reference points, such as accelerometers or inclinometers, are commonly used in practice. These sensors can indirectly provide displacement information but require sophisticated numerical integration and filtering techniques. Deploying a sensor network becomes even more challenging when it is heterogeneous and simultaneously utilizes sensors of various types. This paper proposes a sensor placement method for distributing such heterogeneous sensor networks. Two computationally efficient procedures are introduced, based on Kalman filtering and response estimation uncertainty. Their effectiveness is demonstrated using a realistic example of a tied-arch bridge located in Poland. One algorithm operates in a discrete greedy manner, while the other fuzzifies the sensor set to convert the originally discrete problem into a continuous one. Their numerical efficiency is related to the computationally inexpensive use of the cross-covariance matrix between the sensor responses and the target responses of interest. Compared to an existing multi-type sensor placement method, the proposed algorithms yield results of comparable quality with several times smaller computational cost.

Keywords:
Sensor networks, Optimal sensor placement, Kalman filter, Convex relaxation

Rommie E. A., Aqvist J., Bahar I., Battistini F., Bellaiche A., Beltran D., Philip C. B., Bonomi M., Gregory R. B., Richard A. B., Bussi G., Carloni P., David A. C., Cavalli A., Chia-En A. C., Thomas E. Cheatham I., Margaret S. C., Chipot C., Lillian T. C., Choudhary P., G Andres C., Clementi C., Poma Bernaola A.M., The need to implement FAIR principles in biomolecular simulations, Nature Methods, ISSN: 1548-7091, DOI: 10.1038/s41592-025-02635-0, pp.1-5, 2025

Abstract:
In the Big Data era, a change of paradigm in the use of molecular dynamics is required.
Trajectories should be stored under FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and
reusable) requirements to favor its reuse by the community under an open science paradigm.

Keywords:
FAIR principles,MD,Data,Biomolecular Simulation

Souza P., Borges-Araújo L., Christopher B., Rodrigo A M., Fabian G., Peter P., Liguo W., Hafez R., Borges-Araújo A., Cofas Vargas L., Luca M., Raúl M., Melo M., Sangwook W., Marrink S., Poma A., Sebastian T., GōMartini 3: From large conformational changes in proteins to environmental bias corrections, Nature Communications, ISSN: 2041-1723, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58719-0, Vol.16, No.4051, pp.1-19, 2025

Abstract:
Coarse-grained modeling has become an important tool to supplement experimental measurements, allowing access to spatio-temporal scales beyond all-atom based approaches. The GōMartini model combines structure- and physics-based coarse-grained approaches, balancing computational efficiency and accurate representation of protein dynamics with the capabilities of studying proteins in different biological environments. This paper introduces an enhanced GōMartini model, which combines a virtual-site implementation of Gō models with Martini 3. The implementation has been extensively tested by the community since the release of the reparametrized version of Martini. This work demonstrates the capabilities of the model in diverse case studies, ranging from protein-membrane binding to protein-ligand interactions and AFM force profile calculations. The model is also versatile, as it can address recent inaccuracies reported in the Martini protein model. Lastly, the paper discusses the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of the Martini 3 protein model and its combination with Gō models.

Keywords:
GōMartini 3, Martini 3, Coarse graining, Proteins, IDP, membranes, Molecular Dynamics, Nanomechanics

Dera W., Konopacka H., Jarząbek D., Development of a novel nickel-based metal force microsensor using bottom-up approach, Precision Engineering, ISSN: 1873-2372, DOI: 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.05.003, pp.251-261, 2025

Abstract:
The advancement of force microsensors has shifted towards alternative fabrication methods offering enhanced flexibility, cost efficiency, and adaptability. Traditional silicon-based sensors face limitations such as mechanical fragility, thermal expansion mismatches, and high fabrication costs, necessitating alternative approaches. This study explores a bottom-up fabrication approach using electro-galvanic deposition to develop nickel-based capacitive force microsensors. Unlike conventional methods, electro-galvanic deposition enables precise control over material thickness and microstructure, allowing for the fabrication of robust, metal-based sensors with superior toughness and mechanical reliability. Nickel, chosen for its high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and adaptability to high temperatures, is well-suited for demanding applications. The fabrication process involves UV maskless lithography for mold patterning, followed by electro-galvanic deposition in a modified Watt's bath with saccharin additives to control grain structure. This enables fine-tuning of nickel's mechanical properties, enhancing hardness and ductility. The capacitive comb sensor structure, integrated with a high-resolution capacitance-to-digital converter, enables precise force measurements with a linear response and high sensitivity. Experimental validation included mechanical testing, calibration, and stability analysis under controlled loading conditions. Results confirmed a strong linear force-capacitance relationship (R2 = 0.9898) and excellent long-term stability, with minimal capacitance drift under sustained load.

Keywords:
Nickel-based sensor, Bottom-up process for sensor fabrication, Electro-galvanic deposition, Capacitance stability, Silicon sensor limitations, Industrial sensor applications, Sensor durability, Displacement-force calibration

Rogala M., Ferdynus M., Kopeć M., The effect of multilevel spherical triggers on the crashworthiness capacity of thin-walled structures, Aerospace Science and Technology, ISSN: 1270-9638, DOI: 10.1016/j.ast.2025.110299, Vol.163, No.110299, pp.1-18, 2025

Abstract:
Progressive dynamic crushing remains a significant focus in contemporary research aimed at developing and optimizing energy-absorbing structures. This study investigates thin-walled passive energy absorbers featuring multi-level crush initiators in the form of spherical embossments. The experimental setup involved aluminum columns subjected to an impact energy of 1700 J. These columns were designed with varying numbers of embossment levels. Key parameters of the spherical embossments included diameters ranging from 12 to 36 mm and depths from 1.2 to 4.8 mm. Dynamic impact tests were conducted using an Instron Ceast 9350 HES drop tower, with deformation behavior captured via a Phantom Miro M310 high-speed camera. Complementary finite element analyses were also performed to obtain force-displacement responses and crushing efficiency indicators, enabling a comparative assessment of structural performance based on different crush initiator configurations. The results demonstrate that spherical embossments enhance the stability of the crushing process by reducing the peak crushing force. Furthermore, incorporating additional embossment levels increases the mean crushing force and improves the overall energy absorption efficiency of the passive energy absorber.

Keywords:
Multi-level trigger , Spherical embossment, Crashworthiness

Demchenko I., Syryanyy Y., Shokri A., Melikhov Y., Domagała J. Z., Minikayev R., Derkachova A., Munnik F., Kentsch U., Zając M., Reck A., Haufe N., Galazka Z., Local structure modification around Si atoms in Si-implanted monocrystalline β-Ga2O3 (100) under heated substrate conditions, ACTA MATERIALIA, ISSN: 1359-6454, DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121036, Vol.292, pp.121036-1-11, 2025

Abstract:
Doping of β-Ga2O3 (100) with Si by ion implantation onto heated substrates is investigated. The study reveals complex ion beam-induced defect processes in β-Ga2O3, characterized by the formation of various defect types and their temperature-dependent transformation. By employing X-Ray Diffraction, Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry, Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission, X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Density Functional Theory analyses, we examine lattice deformation, identify the local environment of dopants, assess electronic structure modifications, and verify the presence of extended defects induced by ion implantation. Our findings highlight the predominant contribution of substitutional and interstitial Si ions incorporated into complexes that act as donors manifesting n-type conductivity, while some fraction of the defects form complexes that act as traps for charge carriers. Notably, no monoclinic phase transformations were observed during implantation despite substrate temperature variations from 300 to 800 °C.

Keywords:
β-Ga2O3, WBG, Implantation, XRD, RBS/PIXE/c, XANES, TEM, DFT, FMS

Zargarian S., Suárez-García S., Saiz-Poseu J., Zuppiroli L., Lanzi M., Ruiz-Molina D., Pierini F., Light-Activated Superhydrophobicity of Sustainable Micro-Structured Spent Coffee Grounds-Based Interfaces via Fatty Acids Modulation, ChemSusChem, ISSN: 1864-5631, DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202402254, pp.e202402254-1-14, 2025

Abstract:
The global consumption of coffee results in the disposal of vast amounts of spent coffee grounds (SCG), posing significant environmental challenges. Herein, we address this issue by developing an innovative, eco-friendly method to achieve superhydrophobicity using SCG. Repurposing this abundant biowaste, we developed a sustainable approach that avoids the use of harsh chemicals and energy-intensive processes typically associated with conventional methods. Our procedure involves wet ball milling of SCG in ethanol to produce microparticles, followed by electrospraying to create a micro-structured interface. A mild annealing treatment at 90 °C successfully transformed the SCG interface from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic, reaching a contact angle of approximately 151° and a rolling-off angle of 8°. The resultant interface exhibited remarkable self-cleaning properties, effectively repelling various liquids. XPS analysis revealed that the migration of fatty acids to the surface during annealing played a crucial role in lowering surface energy, thereby driving the hydrophilic-to-superhydrophobic transition. Furthermore, we demonstrated that solar-induced heating can effectively activate the same superhydrophobic properties, providing a practical and energy-efficient alternative to traditional thermal treatments. This method illustrates the role of light-activated fatty acid modulation in achieving superhydrophobicity and highlights the potential of SCG biowaste as a valuable resource for sustainable material applications.

Darban H., Faghidian S., Flexural frequency analysis of damaged beams using mixture unified gradient elasticity theory, COMPOSITE STRUCTURES, ISSN: 0263-8223, DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119143, Vol.363, pp.119143-1-119143-17, 2025

Abstract:
The flexural vibration of miniaturized homogeneous isotropic beams with multiple cracks is investigated using the mixture unified gradient elasticity theory. The model captures both possible stiffening and softening size-dependence at small scales. The problem is addressed using the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory, with the domain partitioned into distinct sections at cracked cross-sections. Cracks are assumed to be non-propagating, sufficiently spaced to avoid interaction, and open during vibration. The elastic spring model is employed to capture the effect of cracks on the dynamic characteristics. The time-dependent variational functional is rigorously established to derive variationally consistent and extra non-standard boundary and continuity conditions. Natural frequencies are obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem resulting from the imposition of boundary and continuity conditions. The predictions demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental, molecular dynamics, and analytical data from the literature for both large- and small-scale beams. The model is applied to examine the effects of gradient characteristic parameters, crack length and location, and boundary conditions on the frequencies. The practical application of the model to the inverse problem, where the location and length of a crack are unknown a priori, is numerically analyzed. The results indicate that the size effect significantly influences the inverse problem solution.

Pawłowski P., Stańczak M., Broniszewska-Wojdat P., Blanc L., Frąś T.^♦, Rusinek A.^♦, Energy-absorption capacity of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg cellular structures subjected to a blast-induced dynamic compression–experimental and numerical study, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0734-743X, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105216, Vol.198, No.10, pp.105216-1-105216-17, 2025

Abstract:
The study investigates the role of the topology of the additively manufactured AlSi10Mg cellular structures in the example of 3D and 2D designs: honeycomb, auxetic, lattice and foam. The samples were subjected to quasistatic and blast-induced dynamic compression. As a result, a relation between the structural geometry and the deformation mode of the compressed structures has been developed, demonstrating its influence on the energy absorption characteristics. The deformation and fracture mechanisms were examined in detail using the finite element simulations in the LS-DYNA code based on the material characterisation over a broad range of strain rates and temperatures. The outcomes show an agreement between the experimental data and the computations. The obtained results prove that by selecting the appropriate topological features, the deformation of compressed structures can be enhanced to improve their energy-absorption capacity.

Keywords:
Additive manufacturing,AlSi10Mg,Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS),Cellular structures,Dynamic compression,Blast-energy absorption,Explosively-driven shock tube

Nisar F., Rojek J., Nosewicz S., Kaszyca K., Chmielewski M., Coupled thermo-electric discrete element model for spark plasma sintering, POWDER TECHNOLOGY, ISSN: 0032-5910, DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120957, Vol.458, No.120957, pp.1-23, 2025

Keywords:
Spark plasma sintering, Discrete element method, Thermo-electric coupling, Joule heating

Grigoryan N., Chudziński P., Exact correlation functions at finite temperatures in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid with an open end, Physical Review B, ISSN: 2469-9969, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.111.155439, Vol.111, No.155439, pp.1-19, 2025

Abstract:
The paradigmatic state of a 1D collective metal, the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL), offers us an exact
analytic solution for a strongly interacting quantum system not only for infinite systems at zero temperature
but also at finite temperature and with a boundary. These results are potentially of significant relevance for
technology, as they could lay the foundation for a many-body description of various nanostructures. For this
to happen, we need expressions for local (i.e., spatially resolved) correlations as a function of frequency. In
this paper, we find such expressions and study their outcome. Based on our analytic expressions, we are able to
identify two distinct cases of TLL, which we call the Coulomb metal and Hund metal, respectively. We argue that
these two cases span all the situations possible in nanotubes made out of p-block elements. From an applications viewpoint, it is crucial to capture the fact that the end of the 1D system can be coupled to the external environment and emit electrons into it. We discuss such coupling on two levels for both Coulomb and Hund metals: (i) in the zeroth-order approximation, the coupling modifies the 1D system’s boundary conditions; (ii) for stronger coupling, when the environment can self-consistently modify the 1D system, we introduce spatially dependent TLL parameters. In case (ii), we are able to capture the presence of plasmon-polariton particles, thus building a link between TLL and the field of nano-optics.

Macek W., Sitek R., Podulka P., Lesiuk G., Zhu S., Liu X., Kopeć M., Fractography of Haynes 282 alloy manufactured by DMLS after tensile and HCF, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, ISSN: 1873-5983, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.109623, Vol.232, No.109623, pp.1-12, 2025

Abstract:
In this paper, the fracture surface topography of additively manufactured Haynes 282 alloy subjected to tensile and high-cycle fatigue loading was investigated. Haynes 282 alloy bars were printed in three different directions relative to the base plate (0°, 45°, and 90°) via Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) under an argon protective atmosphere. The specimens were subjected to monotonic tensile loading and fatigue testing under load control using full tension and compression cyclic loading (R = −1) in the range of stress amplitude from ±550 MPa to ±800 MPa. The entire surface topography was evaluated by using a 3D non-contact confocal technique and post-failure specimens after a fatigue test performed at three stress amplitudes, ±650 MPa, ±700 MPa and ±750 MPa. Such an attempt was proposed to analyse the fatigue response of AM Haynes 282 in the region near its yield strength. It was found that the printing orientation and the stress amplitude have a strong impact on service life and fracture surface characteristics. Finally, a surface topography parameter involving the mass density of furrows, root-mean-square height, and fractal dimension was successfully combined with the stress amplitude to estimate the fatigue life. The findings offer a novel approach to fatigue life prediction based on post-failure surface analysis, providing valuable insights for industrial applications and forensic engineering.

Keywords:
Nickel alloys,Fatigue,Additive manufacturing,Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS),Fracture,Surface topography

Łazarska M., Ranachowski Z., Musiał J., Tański T., Jiang Q., Identification of Phase Transformations in Alloy and Non-Alloy Steel During Austempering Using Acoustic Emission and Neural Network, Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma18102198, Vol.18, No.2198, pp.1-16, 2025

Abstract:
This research was carried out for selected alloy (bearing) and non-alloy (tool) steel. The steels were subjected to austempering. The hardening temperature range was from 100 °C to 180 °C. The use of acoustic emission in connection with the artificial neural network (ANN) enabled the analysis and identification of phase changes occurring in steels during austempering. Classification of acoustic emission events was carried out with the help of their energy values and with the use of an artificial neural network. On this basis, it was observed that in the process of isothermal hardening of steel at the applied temperatures, complex transformations of austenite into martensite and bainite occur. In addition, it was found that the research methods used enabled the identification of signal components originating from the phase transformation causing the formation of thin-plate martensite midrib. The use of acoustic methods in the field of bainitic transformation creates the possibility of their application in the industry.

Keywords:
bainite, martensite, austempering, acoustic emission (AE), neural networks

Garshasp Keyvan S., Dogus H., Berke E., Shefik A., Sahmani S.^♦, Davut S., Nima N., Babak S., Preventing thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries with nano-porous structures: A critical review, Journal of Power Sources, ISSN: 0378-7753, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236793, Vol.641, pp.236793-1-236793-41, 2025

Keywords:
Thermal runaway, Battery safety, Lithium-ion batteries, Thermal safety, Nano-porous structures

Mahmoud Zummurd A., Babak S., Asmael M., Kenevisi Mohammad S., Sahmani S.^♦, Sina K., Tien-Chien J., David H., Impact of process parameters on mechanical and microstructure properties of aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites processed by powder-based additive manufacturing, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, ISSN: 1526-6125, DOI: 1526-6125, Vol.146, pp.79-158, 2025

Keywords:
Additive manufacturing, Aluminum alloys, Reinforcements, Powder bed fusion, Direct energy deposition

Saleh R., Memarzadeh A., Dogus H., Sahmani S.^♦, Tien-Chien J., Tien-Chien J., A comprehensive review on atomic layer deposition on key components in fuel cells, Fuel, ISSN: 0016-2361, DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135172, Vol.395, pp.135172-1-135172-31, 2025

Keywords:
Fuel cells, Atomic layer deposition, Electrodes, Electrolyte, Balance of Stack (BoS)

Zakrzewska A., Nakielski P., Truong Yen B., Gualandi C., Cecilia V., Zargarian S., Lanzi M., Kosik-Kozioł A., Król J., Pierini F., “Green” Cross-Linking of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Nanostructured Biomaterials: From Eco-Friendly Approaches to Practical Applications, WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, ISSN: 1939-0041, DOI: 10.1002/wnan.70017, Vol.17, No.3, pp.e70017-1-33, 2025

Abstract:
Recently, a growing need for sustainable materials in various industries, especially biomedical, environmental, and packaging applications, has been observed. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a versatile and widely used polymer, valued for its biocompatibility, water solubility, and easy processing, e.g., forming nanofibers via electrospinning. As a result of cross-linking, PVA turns into a three-dimensional structure—hydrogel with unusual sorption properties and mimicry of biological tissues. However, traditional cross-linking methods often involve toxic chemicals and harsh conditions, which can limit its eco-friendly potential and raise concerns about environmental impact. “Green” cross-linking approaches, such as the use of natural cross-linkers, freeze–thawing, enzymatic processes, irradiation, heat treatment, or immersion in alcohol, offer an environmentally friendly alternative that aligns with global trends toward sustainability. These methods not only reduce the use of harmful substances but also enhance the biodegradability and safety of the materials. By reviewing and analyzing the latest advancements in “green” PVA cross-linking approaches, this review provides a comprehensive overview of current techniques, their advantages, limitations, and potential applications. The main emphasis is placed on PVA nanostructured forms and applications of PVA-based biomaterials in areas such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, biological filters, and biosensors. Moreover, this article will contribute to the broader scientific understanding of how the materials based on PVA can be optimized both in terms of “greener” and safer production, as well as adjusting the final platform properties.

Keywords:
cross-linking, eco-friendly approaches, nanostructured biomaterials, poly(vinyl alcohol)

Orthey A., Remigiusz A., Certifying classes of d-outcome measurements with quantum steering, NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, ISSN: 1367-2630, DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/adda73, Vol.27, No.064501, pp.1-28, 2025

Keywords:
quantum steering, Bell nonlocality, quantum entanglement, steering inequalities, quantum certification

Nguyen T., Dat L., Van T., Finite-temperature properties of monolayer MoS2: Role of electron-electron interactions, Physical Review B, ISSN: 2469-9969, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.111.155415, Vol.111, No.15, pp.155415-1-14, 2025

Abstract:
We theoretically investigate electron-electron interaction effects on the single-particle Green's function of doped monolayer MoS2, employing a massless Dirac continuum model within the random phase approximation and incorporating long-range Coulomb interactions via a modified Keldysh potential. Our calculations provide quantitative predictions for the many-body spectral function, the renormalized quasiparticle energy dispersion, and the renormalized velocity at both zero and finite temperatures, taking into account carrier density, electric field intensity, and spin polarization. We identify experimentally detectable many-body signatures that are substantially enhanced with decreasing carrier density, electric field, and spin polarization, alongside intriguing instabilities in the excitation spectrum at small wave vectors where interactions completely destroy the noninteracting linear dispersion. The velocity renormalization exhibits a leading-order temperature correction that is linear and positive, with a universal, density-independent slope in the high-density limit. We further predict an enhanced effective velocity at low temperatures and a nonmonotonic temperature dependence at higher temperatures (e.g.

Markovskyi A., Rosiak M., Vitalii G., Fedorov A., Ciezko M., Szczepański Z., Yuriy Z., Kaczmarek M., Litniewski J., Pakuła M., Acoustic microscopy study on elasto-mechanical properties of Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce single crystalline films, CrystEngComm , ISSN: 1466-8033, DOI: 10.1039/D5CE00068H, pp.1-13, 2025

Abstract:
This article presents experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies of the propagation of guided ultrasonic waves in a layered epitaxial structure of garnet compounds. A microscopic model, which yields dispersion equations based on material and geometrical properties, is developed. Acoustic microscopy experiments on a YAG:Ce crystal substrate and an epitaxial structure containing LuAG:Ce single crystalline films, grown using the liquid phase epitaxy growth method onto a YAG:Ce crystal substrate, reveal distinct phase velocity behaviors. The YAG substrate exhibits consistent velocities, minimally influenced by frequency, while the epitaxial structure shows dispersion, indicating frequency-dependent phase velocities. Experimental results are compared with numerically calculated dispersion curves, showing high agreement in the low-frequency range and minor deviations at higher frequencies. An optimization procedure is developed and applied, starting with the YAG substrate and extending to the LuAG:Ce film/YAG:Ce crystal epitaxial structure. The procedure allows for the extraction of material properties, offering valuable insights into the mechanical characteristics of the all-solid-state LuAG:Ce film/YAG:Ce crystal structure. This research represents a significant advancement in understanding ultrasonic wave dynamics in layered structures, particularly unveiling previously unexplored elastic properties of LuAG:Ce single crystalline films as a well-known scintillation material.

Haghighat Bayan Mohammad A., Kosik-Kozioł A., Krysiak Zuzanna J., Zakrzewska A., Lanzi M., Nakielski P., Pierini F., Gold Nanostar-Decorated Electrospun Nanofibers Enable On-Demand Drug Delivery, Macromolecular Rapid Communications, ISSN: 1022-1336, DOI: 10.1002/marc.202500033, pp.2500033-1-10, 2025

Abstract:
This study explores the development of a photo-responsive bicomponent electrospun platform and its drug delivery capabilities. This platform is composed of two polymers of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Then, the platform is decorated with plasmonic gold nanostars (Au NSs) that are capable of on-demand drug release. Using Rhodamine-B (RhB) as a model drug, the drug release behavior of the bi-polymer system is compared versus homopolymer fibers. The RhB is incorporated in the PHBV part of the platform, which provides a more sustained drug release, both in the absence and presence of near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Under NIR exposure, thermal imaging reveals a notable increase in surface temperature, facilitating enhanced drug release. Furthermore, the platform demonstrates on-demand drug release upon multiple NIR irradiation cycles. This platform offers a promising approach for stimuli-responsive drug delivery, making it a strong candidate for on-demand therapy applications.

Nabavian Kalat M., Ziai Y., Dziedzic K., Gradys A. D., Urbański L., Zaszczyńska A., Andrés Díaz L., Kowalewski Z. L., Experimental evaluation of build orientation effects on the microstructure, thermal, mechanical, and shape memory properties of SLA 3D-printed epoxy resin, EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL, ISSN: 0014-3057, DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113829, Vol.228, pp.113829-1-18, 2025

Abstract:
Additive manufacturing (AM) methods, popularly known as 3D printing technologies, particularly the pioneering laser stereolithography (SLA), have revolutionized the production of complex polymeric components. However, challenges such as anisotropy, resulting from the layer-by-layer construction method, can affect the thermomechanical properties and dimensional stability of 3D-printed objects. Although anisotropy in SLA 3D printing is often overlooked due to the high precision of this technique, its impact on the properties and structural performance of the 3D-printed prototype becomes more significant when printing small devices designed for precise micro-mechanisms. This experimental study investigates the impact of the chosen printing surface – a less explored factor – on the performance of SLA 4D-printed thermo-responsive shape memory epoxy (SMEp) specimens. Two identical dog-bone specimens were printed from two distinct surfaces: edge and flat surface, to examine how variations in surface area and quantity of layers influence the microstructure, thermal behavior, mechanical properties, and shape memory performance. The results of this experimental investigation reveal that specimens printed from the edge, with a higher number of layers and smaller surface area, exhibit superior interlayer bonding, tensile strength, dimensional stability, and shape recovery efficiency compared to those printed from the flat surface. Conversely, specimens with fewer, larger layers demonstrated greater elongation and thermal expansion but reduced structural integrity and shape recovery performance. These results highlight the importance of experimentally investigating how different build orientations affect the properties and performance of SLA 3D-printed materials, especially before designing and employing them in applications demanding high precision and reliability.

Keywords:
Additive manufacturing, Laser stereolithography, Shape memory polymers, Materials processing, Anisotropy, Printing orientation

Pietrzyk-Thel P., Jain A., Osial M., Sobczak K., Michalska M., Spongy carbon from inedible food: A step towards a clean environment and renewable energy, Electrochimica Acta, ISSN: 0013-4686, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.146129, Vol.525, No.146129, pp.1-13, 2025

Abstract:
The global challenges of access to clean water and energy continue to grow, prompting research into sustainable solutions. A promising approach involves the conversion of agricultural waste into high-porosity functional materials for both water purification and energy storage. This study explores the conversion of stale bread into spongy carbon materials, which were evaluated as adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes and electrodes for supercapacitors. The physical and chemical properties of the material were characterized using standard techniques. In particular, activated carbon produced at 900 °C showed a balanced mixture of micropores and mesopores, with a high specific surface area of ∼1583 m² g-1, making it a low-cost effective adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye, showing an adsorption capacity of 753.9 mg g-1, optimal at 10 mg of adsorbent dose with only 10 min of contact time. It performed well in a wide pH range (2–12) and in saline solutions. Furthermore, the material demonstrated a single electrode specific capacitance of ∼155 F g-1, an energy density of 21.6 Wh kg-1, and a power density of 355.9 kW kg-1 in supercapacitor applications. It exhibited high reversibility of charge-storage, retaining ∼85 % of its capacitance after 15,000 cycles. These results highlight the potential of pyrolyzed agricultural waste as a versatile and sustainable material for environmental and energy applications.

Keywords:
Activated carbon, Crystal violet, Dye adsorption, Energy storage application, Supercapacitor

Ropón-Palacios G., Pérez-Silva J., Gervacio-Villarreal E., Sancho C., Olivos-Ramirez G., Chenet-Zuta M., Tapayuri-Rengifo K., Cárdenas-Cárdenas R., Navarro d., Sosa-Amay F., De l., Moussa N., Casillas-Muñoz F., Camps I., Structural basis of the tarocystatin inhibitory mechanism against papain, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, ISSN: 0141-8130, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142647, Vol.308, pp.142647-1-9, 2025

Abstract:
Plant pathogens pose a severe threat to global food security by compromising the availability, quality, and safety of crops for human and animal consumption. Given the urgent need for alternatives to chemical pesticides, natural inhibitors of phytopathogenic proteases represent promising biopesticides. Tarocystatin has been characterized in Colocasia esculenta as a defense protein against phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi. Despite its biotechnological potential, few studies describe its mechanical, structural, and energetic properties. In this study, we characterized the inhibitory mechanism of tarocystatin against papain using a computational biophysics approach. Through extensive molecular dynamics (MD) and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations, we explored the dynamic, energetic, structural, and mechanical basis of tarocystatin and its specific binding to papain. Our results suggest that the stability of the complex is characterized by a lack of conformational rearrangements, showing invariability in its secondary structure across all MD replicas. Additionally, electrostatic analysis revealed a high complementarity of the tarocystatin-papain complex, which was later corroborated by the hydrogen-bond network established at the complex interface, explaining its strong inhibitory capacity. Moreover, we determined that the substrate-competitive inhibitory mechanism is due to the binding ability of conserved motifs in tarocystatin, which efficiently interact with the catalytic active site of papain. This was also confirmed through SMD, where we observed that the N-terminal region acts as a spring to prevent the dissociation of the complex under external pulling forces. Overall, our study is the first to provide a comprehensive exploration of the biophysical properties of the tarocystatin-papain complex, offering insights into the tarocystatin's inhibition mechanism. These results lay the foundation for future development of tarocystatin-based antifungal alternatives, as well as for exploring its inhibitory activity in other pathogens or enhancing its efficacy through molecular engineering.

Keywords:
Tarocystatin, Papain, Inhibition mechanism, Molecular dynamics, Computational biophysics

Zhi-Ting H., Lin J., Krajewski M., Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) membranes filled with deep eutectic solvent as non-flammable and flexible quasi-solid state electrolytes for high-voltage supercapacitors, Electrochimica Acta, ISSN: 0013-4686, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.146192, Vol.526, No.146192, pp.1-13, 2025

Keywords:
Deep eutectic solvent, Gel-like polymer electrolyte, High-voltage supercapacitor, Quasi-solid state electrolyte, Symmetric supercapacitor

Niemczyk-Soczyńska B., Sajkiewicz P., Hydrogel-Based Systems as Smart Food Packaging: A Review, Polymers, ISSN: 2073-4360, DOI: 10.3390/polym17081005, Vol.17, No.8, pp.1005-1-30, 2025

Abstract:
In recent years, non-degradable petroleum-based polymer packaging has generated serious disposal, pollution, and ecological issues. The application of biodegradable food packaging for common purposes could overcome these problems. Bio-based hydrogel films are interesting materials as potential alternatives to non-biodegradable commercial food packaging due to biodegradability, biocompatibility, ease of processability, low cost of production, and the absorption ability of food exudates. The rising need to provide additional functionality for food packaging has led scientists to design approaches extending the shelf life of food products by incorporating antimicrobial and antioxidant agents and sensing the accurate moment of food spoilage. In this review, we thoroughly discuss recent hydrogel-based film applications such as active, intelligent packaging, as well as a combination of these approaches. We highlight their potential as food packaging but also indicate the drawbacks, especially poor barrier and mechanical properties, that need to be improved in the future. We emphasize discussions on the mechanical properties of currently studied hydrogels and compare them with current commercial food packaging. Finally, the future directions of these types of approaches are described.

Keywords:
hydrogels,bio-based polymers,active packaging,intelligent packaging,food packaging

Kopeć M., Gunputh U., Williams G., Wojcieck M., Kowalewski Z., Wood P., On the Cover: Fatigue Damage Evolution in SS316L Produced by Powder Bed Fusion in Different Orientations with Reused Powder Feedstock, EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, ISSN: 0014-4851, DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01179-w, pp.1-1, 2025

Abstract:
Background Metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melting (LPBF-M) is considered economically viable and environmentally
sustainable because of the possibility of reusing the residual powder feedstock leftover in the build chamber after a part
build is completed. There is however limited information on the fatigue damage development of LPBF-M samples made
from reused feedstock.
Objective In this paper, the stainless steel 316 L (SS316L) powder feedstock was examined and characterised after 25
reuses, following which the fatigue damage development of material samples made from the reused powder was assessed.
Methods The suitability of the powder to LPBF-M technology was evaluated by microstructural observations and measurements of Hall flow, apparent and tapped density as well as Carr’s Index and Hausner ratio. LPBF-M bar samples in three
build orientations (Z – vertical, XY – horizontal, ZX – 45° from the build plate) were built for fatigue testing. They were
then subjected to fatigue testing under load control using full tension and compression cyclic loading and stress asymmetry
coefficient equal to -1 in the range of stress amplitude from ± 300 MPa to ± 500 MPa.
Results Samples made from reused powder (25 times) in the LPBF-M process exhibited similar fatigue performance to fresh
unused powder although a lower ductility for vertical samples was observed during tensile testing. Printing in horizontal
(XY) and diagonal (ZX) directions, with reused powder, improved the service life of the SS316L alloy in comparison to
the vertical (Z).
Conclusions Over the 25 reuses of the powder feedstock there was no measurable difference in the flowability between the
fresh (Hall Flow: 21.4 s/50 g) and reused powder (Hall Flow: 20.6 s/50 g). This confirms a uniform and stable powder feeding
process during LPBF-M for both fresh and reused powder. The analysis of fatigue damage parameter, D, concluded cyclic
plasticity and ratcheting to be the main mechanism of damage.

Keywords:
SS316L ,Stainless steel,Fatigue,Additive manufacturing,Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melting (LPBF-M)

Rezaee Hajidehi M., Sadowski P., Stupkiewicz S., Indentation-induced deformation twinning in magnesium: Phase-field modeling of microstructure evolution and size effects, Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, ISSN: 2213-9567, DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.02.016, Vol.13, No.4, pp.1721-1742, 2025

Abstract:
Magnesium is distinguished by its highly anisotropic inelastic deformation involving a profuse activity of deformation twinning. Instrumented micro/nano-indentation technique has been widely applied to characterize the mechanical properties of magnesium, typically through the analysis of the indentation load–depth response, surface topography, and less commonly, the post-mortem microstructure within the bulk material. However, experimental limitations prevent the real-time observation of the evolving microstructure. To bridge this gap, we employ a recently-developed finite-strain model that couples the phase-field method and conventional crystal plasticity to simulate the evolution of the indentation-induced twin microstructure and its interaction with plastic slip in a magnesium single-crystal. Particular emphasis is placed on two aspects: orientation-dependent inelastic deformation and indentation size effects. Several outcomes of our 2D computational study are consistent with prior experimental observations. Chief among them is the intricate morphology of twin microstructure obtained at large spatial scales, which, to our knowledge, represents a level of detail that has not been captured in previous modeling studies. To further elucidate on size effects, we extend the model by incorporating gradient-enhanced crystal plasticity, and re-examine the notion of ‘smaller is stronger’. The corresponding results underscore the dominant influence of gradient plasticity over the interfacial energy of twin boundaries in governing the size-dependent mechanical response.

Keywords:
Magnesium alloys, Deformation twinning, Micro/nano-indentation, Microstructure evolution, Phase-field method, Crystal plasticity

Stupkiewicz S., Amini S., Rezaee Hajidehi M., Twin branching in shape memory alloys: A 1D model with energy dissipation effects, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS A-SOLIDS, ISSN: 0997-7538, DOI: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2025.105671, Vol.113, pp.105671-1-15, 2025

Abstract:
We develop a 1D model of twin branching in shape memory alloys. The free energy of the branched microstructure comprises the interfacial and elastic strain energy contributions, both expressed in terms of the average twin spacing treated as a continuous function of the position. The total free energy is then minimized, and the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equation is solved numerically using the finite element method. The model can be considered as a continuous counterpart of the recent discrete model of Seiner et al. (2020), and our results show a very good agreement with that model in the entire range of physically relevant parameters. Furthermore, our continuous setting facilitates incorporation of energy dissipation into the model. The effect of rate-independent dissipation on the evolution of the branched microstructure is thus studied. The results show that significant effects on the microstructure and energy of the system are expected only for relatively small domain sizes.

Keywords:
Microstructure evolution,Martensite,Twinning,Interfaces,Energy dissipation

Kačeniauskas A., Pacevič R., Stupak E., Rojek J., Chmielewski M., Grabias A., Nosewicz S., Discrete Element Simulations of Damage Evolution of NiAl-Based Material Reconstructed by Micro-CT Imaging, Applied Sciences, ISSN: 2076-3417, DOI: 10.3390/app15105260, Vol.15, No.10, pp.5260- , 2025

Abstract:
Sintered porous materials present challenges for any modeling approach applied to simulate their damage evolution because of their complex microstructure, which is crucial for the initialization and propagation of microcracks. This paper presents discrete element simulations of the damage evolution of a NiAl-based material reconstructed by micro-CT imaging. A novel geometry reconstruction procedure based on micro-CT images and the adapted advancing front algorithm fills the solid phase using well-connected irregular and highly dense sphere packing, which directly represents the microstructure of the porous material. Uniaxial compression experiments were performed to identify the behavior of the NiAl sample and validate the discrete element model. Discrete element simulations based on micro-CT imaging revealed a realistic representation of the damage evolution and stress–strain dependency. The stress and strain of the numerically obtained curve peak differed from the experimentally measured values by 0.1% and 4.2%, respectively. The analysis of damage evolution was performed according to the time variation rate of the broken bond count. Investigation of the stress–strain dependencies obtained by using different values of the compression strain rate showed that the performed simulations approached the quasi-static state and achieved the acceptable accuracy within the limits of the available computational resources. The proposed stress scaling technique allowed a seven times increase of the size of the time step, which reduced the computing time by seven times.

Keywords:
porous materials,NiAl,discrete element method,bonded particle model,micro-CT imaging,reconstruction of material microstructure

Sahmani S.^♦, Timon R., Jeong-Hoon S., Babak S., Asymmetric nonlinear instability of thermally induced microsize arches having dissimilar boundary conditions incorporating strain gradient tensors, Applied Mathematical Modelling, ISSN: 0307-904X, DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2025.116187, Vol.146, pp.116187-1-116187-28, 2025

Keywords:
Microsystems, Curved beams, Strain gradient elasticity, Porous composites, Isogeometric numerical approach

Sahmani S.^♦, Kotrasova K., Atif Shahzad M., Zareichian M., Babak S., Nonlocal couple stress-based nonlinear flexural instability of laminated FG-GNRC microsize arches under arbitrary-located radial point load and unlike end supports, ACTA MECHANICA, ISSN: 0001-5970, DOI: 10.1007/s00707-025-04285-x, Vol.236, pp.2821-2843, 2025

Keywords:
Nonlocality, Couple stree tensor, Archs, Functionally graded composites, Isogeometric analysis

Murtada Amer Abdalla A., Hamed Elmoghazy Y., Garshasp Keyvan S., Gazioglu A., Khaled Sabry O., Awad Sawelih A., Al Sharif A., Wehbi H., Yahya Ali Abd A., Sahmani S.^♦, Babak S., Exploring the impact of graphene nanoplatelets on adhesive mechanical strength: A comprehensive investigation into single-lap joint elastoplastic behavior via cohesive zone method, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, ISSN: 0143-7496, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103908, Vol.138, pp.103908-1-103908-14, 2025

Keywords:
Single lap joint, Cohesive zone model, Nanocomposites, Mechanical properties, Stress concentration

Al Mahmoud Z., Asmael M., Ahmad R., Sahmani S.^♦, Kotrasova K., Mihaliková M., David H., Babak S., Recent developments in ultrasonic welding of similar and dissimilar joints of carbon fiber reinforcement thermoplastics with and without interlayer: A state-of-the-art review, REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE, ISSN: 1606-5131, DOI: 10.1515/rams-2024-0077, Vol.64, pp.20240077-1-20240077-88, 2025

Keywords:
polymer matrix composites, interlayer, welding quality, lap shear strength, spot welding

Chukwueloka Onyibo E., Gazioglu A., Abulibdeh M., Mohamed Osman O., Bin Huwail T., Alkhatib M., Aburemeis A., Razavi S., Sahmani S.^♦, Babak S., Optimization analysis of stiffness and natural frequency of unidirectional and randomly oriented short fiber-reinforced composite materials, ACTA MECHANICA, ISSN: 0001-5970, DOI: 10.1007/s00707-025-04253-5, Vol.236, pp.1935-1953, 2025

Keywords:
Finite element analysis, Short fiber-reinforced, Natural frequency, Optimal dynamic stability, Randomly reinforced composites

Altangerel A.^♦, Miler O., Nirwan P., Rebecca H., Sajkiewicz P., Amir F., Facile Fabrication of Antibacterial 3D Fibrous Sponge via In Situ Protonation-Induced Direct Electrospinning, Advanced Materials Interfaces, ISSN: 2196-7350, DOI: 10.1002/admi.202400935, pp.1-12, 2025

Abstract:
A versatile, straightforward approach for direct fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous sponges via electrospinning is reported. The fabrication of porous 3D nanofibrous sponges is facilitated due to the protonation of dimethylamino ethyl (DMAE) groups in Eudragit E100 (EE). The generated 3D sponges are characterized by microscopy, thermal analysis, light scattering, and contact angle measurements to reveal their physicochemical properties. Additionally, antibacterial properties are confirmed via a colony-forming unit assay. Microscopy analysis demonstrated that the obtained nanofibers possessed uniform conformation without beads, and their overall diameter varies depending on the fraction of the blend composition. The protonation of DMAE groups is investigated via infrared spectroscopy and further confirmed via zeta potential measurements. The charged electrospun 3D sponges exhibited significant antibacterial properties, effectively combating E. coli even at a diluted extract of samples. Owing to their morphology, electrostatically charged surface, and significant antibacterial properties, these 3D nanofibrous sponges present themselves as an effective material for integration in filtering membranes or cartridges, which may minimize harmful substances suspended in the air.

Keywords:
electrospinning, antibacterial materials, 3D materials

Jeziorski K., Olszewski R., Artificial Intelligence in Oncology, Applied Sciences, ISSN: 2076-3417, DOI: 10.3390/app15010269 , Vol.15, No.269, pp.1-14, 2025

Abstract:
The aim of the article is to highlight the key role of artificial intelligence in modern oncology. The search for scientific publications was carried out through the following web search engines: PubMed, PMC, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Ebsco. Artificial intelligence plays a special role in oncology and is considered to be the future of oncology. The largest application of artificial intelligence in oncology is in diagnostics (more than 80%),
particularly in radiology and pathology. This can help oncologists not only detect cancer at an early stage but also forecast the possible development of the disease by using predictive models. Artificial intelligence plays a special role in clinical trials. AI makes it possible to
accelerate the discovery and development of new drugs, even if not necessarily successfully. This is done by detecting new molecules. Artificial intelligence enables patient recruitment by combining diverse demographic and medical patient data to match the requirements of a given research protocol. This can be done by reducing population heterogeneity, or by prognostic and predictive enrichment. The effectiveness of artificial intelligence in oncology
depends on the continuous learning of the system based on large amounts of new data but the development of artificial intelligence also requires the resolution of some ethical and legal issues.

Keywords:
artificial intelligence, intelligent oncology, cancer prediction, cancer screening

Jenczyk P., Michałowski M., Warcholiński B., Milczarek M., Gilewicz A., Tribology of ZrC Coatings and Spherical Tips Acquired with Extraordinarily Stiff, Metal Atomic Force Microscopy Probes, Advanced Engineering Materials, ISSN: 1438-1656, DOI: 10.1002/adem.202500243, No.2500243, pp.1-11, 2025

Abstract:
Friction and wear are among the most crucial limiting factors for micro-electro-mechanical systems reliability. In this article, it introduces a novel approach to microtribological research by developing ultrastiff atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes capable of applying millinewton-range normal loads. This innovation enables friction measurements in operational ranges relevant to microbearings, overcoming limitations of conventional AFM probes. This article investigates the tribological performance of zirconium carbide (ZrC) coatings, fabricated via physical vapor deposition sputtering, in combination with various microspherical counterfaces. Its findings reveal that ZrC coatings with high carbon content exhibit coefficient of friction as low as 0.08 when paired with borosilicate glass. Additionally, it provides insights into wear behavior, advancing the selection of tribo-pairs for next-generation microbearings.

Nosewicz S., Jurczak G., Role of the interphase zone in the effective mechanical properties and fracture modes of multiphase metal matrix composites at microscale, FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, ISSN: 0168-874X, DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104390, Vol.249, pp.104390- , 2025

Abstract:
This study conducts a comprehensive numerical analysis to examine how the interphase zone influences the mechanical behavior of multiphase metal matrix composites at the microscale. A unit-cell model is developed within a finite element framework to capture the mechanical response of (a) interphase and particle deformation and damage, (b) a porous metal matrix, and (c) surface separation at two distinct interfaces. The material properties of the composite’s key constituents are determined through a calibration process combining experimental testing and literature data. A series of simulations on unit-cell models with varying interphase characteristics are carried out to assess the effect of different plastic properties. Additionally, the role of interphase brittleness is investigated by modifying the failure strain to represent brittle, semi-ductile,
and ductile behavior. By systematically varying interphase parameters, the study explores a broad spectrum of potential composite performance scenarios. Parametric studies are also conducted to analyze the behavior of interfaces between composite constituents. By adjusting cohesive strength and fracture energy, the model captures a wide range of bonding conditions—from weak to strong, and from brittle to ductile. The analysis identifies more than six distinct failure modes.
Comparative stress-strain responses are used to highlight the influence of specific parameters on composite behavior. Key performance metrics such as toughness, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility are evaluated to illustrate the connection between microscopic features and macroscopic properties.

Keywords:
Metal matrix composite, Interphase, Finite element modelling, Fracture, Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman model

Bajkowski J. M., Piotrzkowska-Wróblewska H., Dyniewicz B., Bajer C., Mathematical and numerical tumour development modelling for personalised treatment planning, Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, ISSN: 1617-7959, DOI: 10.1007/s10237-025-01946-7, pp.1-12, 2025

Abstract:
This paper presents a mathematical and numerical framework for modelling and parametrising tumour evolution dynamics to enhance computer-aided diagnosis and personalised treatment. The model comprises six differential equations describing cancer cell and blood vessel concentrations, tissue stiffness, Ki-67 marker distribution, and the apparent velocity of marker propagation. These equations are coupled through S-functions with adjustable coefficients. An inverse problem approach calibrates the model by fitting adjustable coefficients to patient-specific clinical data, thereby enabling disease progression and treatment response simulations. By integrating historical and prospective patient data supported by machine learning algorithms, this framework holds promise as a robust decision-support tool for optimising therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
Tumour modelling, Personalised treatment, Breast cancer, Navier–stokes, Evolution simulation, Machine learning

Krysiak Z., Rybak D., Kurniawan T., Zakrzewska A., Pierini F., Light-Driven Structural Detachment and Controlled Release in Smart Antibacterial Multilayer Platforms, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, ISSN: 1438-7492, DOI: 10.1002/mame.202400462, pp.2400462-1-9, 2025

Abstract:
Smart materials, especially light-responsive, have become a key research area due to their tunable properties. It is related to the ability to undergo physical or chemical changes in response to external stimuli. Among them, photothermal responsive materials have attracted great interest. This study focuses on the development of a multilayer system (MS) consisting of benzophenone-modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ring and a thermo-responsive core made of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-isopropylomethacrylamide) (P(NIPAAm-co-NIPMAAm)), gelatin, and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). The system utilizes the thermal sensitivity of P(NIPAAm-co-NIPMAAm) and the photothermal effect of gold nanorods (AuNRs) to achieve an on-demand controlled release mechanism within 6 min of near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The mechanical properties investigated in the compression test show significant improvement in MS, reaching 60 times greater value than the material without a PDMS ring. In addition, NIR irradiation for 15 min activated the antimicrobial properties, eliminating 99.9% of E. Coli and 100% of S. Aureus, thus presenting pathogen eradication. This platform provides a versatile methodology for developing next-generation smart materials, advanced delivery mechanisms, and multifunctional nanostructured composites. This work highlights the potential of photosensitive materials to revolutionize the field of soft robotics, optics and actuators, and on-demand systems by providing precise control over release dynamics and improved material properties.

Ngoc Tien N., Tien Dat N., Ba Manh N., Thi Thanh Ngan N., Osial M., Pisarek M., Chernyayeva O., Vu Thi T., A simple one-pot approach to prepare composites based on bimetallic metal–organic frameworks M, Ni-BTC (M = Cu, Fe) and carbon nanotubes for electrochemical detection of bisphenol A, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, ISSN: 1388-0764, DOI: 10.1007/s11051-025-06287-1, Vol.27, No.87, pp.1-16, 2025

Keywords:
electrochemistry, sensor, bisphenol A, MOF, CNT

Pręgowska A., Gajda A., Lis A., Demchuk Oleg M., Warczak M., Osial M., The attitude of high school students towards choosing a career path and participation in workshops popularizing science – SPIONs synthesis case, Research in Science & Technological Education, ISSN: 0263-5143, DOI: 10.1080/02635143.2025.2491081, pp.1-25, 2025

Abstract:
Background: Popular science projects provide an opportunity for
students to explore scientific disciplines in a hands-on manner,
potentially influencing their future career choices, particularly in
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.
Purpose: The study aims to explore the potential impact of participation in science popularization workshops on high school students’ perception of STEM fields and their interest in pursuing careers in science. It examines students’ attitudes through survey data, including their self-reported interest in STEM disciplines, career aspirations, and reflections on the role of hands-on experience in shaping their educational choices.
Sample: The study involved high school students who participated
in a series of experimental workshops focused on the synthesis of
superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.
Design and methods: We analyze the relationship between popular
science projects carried out by high school students on the choice of
field of study and further professional path, i.e. their attitude towards
choosing a career path, and participation in workshops popularizing
science into account exact STEM. To achieve this goal, we designed
a series of experiments tailored to high school students.
Results: Students had the opportunity to study the 3D virtual representations of molecular geometry. Seventy-five percent of participants connected their professional path with the field of chemistry, and 35% declared interest in following an academic career.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that science popularization
workshops can significantly influence students’ perceptions of
STEM education and career paths. Engaging in laboratory activities,
collaborative problem-solving, and direct interactions with scientists
fostered a heightened interest in chemistry and related fields.
Based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory, self-efficacy and outcome expectations play a pivotal role in career choices. Our
results support this perspective, as students with positive workshop
experiences were more inclined to consider STEM studies.
Moreover, the hands-on approach bridged the gap between theoretical
learning and real-world scientific applications.

Keywords:
Science popularization,projects popularizing science,chemical education,chemical education,laboratory instructions

Kopeć M., Kukla D., Kowalewski Z., Assessment of aluminide coating integrity by using acoustic emission, JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS, ISSN: 1429-2955, DOI: 10.15632/jtam-pl/203353 , pp.1-6, 2025

Abstract:
Coatings are essential for protecting high-temperature components in aerospace and power generation industries. This study evaluates the integrity of aluminide coatings on MAR-M247, a nickelbased superalloy, under uniaxial tensile loading using acoustic emission (AE). Aluminide coatings, deposited via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), provide oxidation and corrosion resistance but are prone to damage under operational stresses. AE monitoring, a nondestructive evaluation method, detects transient elastic waves associated with damage events such as crack initiation and delamination. By analyzing AE signal characteristics like amplitude and energy, this research identifies acoustic signatures indicative of coating degradation. The findings highlight AE’s potential for real-time damage assessment, enabling early detection and predictive maintenance strategies in high-temperature applications.

Keywords:
coatings,acoustic emission,nickel alloys,non destructive testing

Frydrych K., Some notes about simulating nanoindentation with imperfect Berkovich tip, MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0965-0393, DOI: 10.1088/1361-651X/add950, Vol.33, No.045016, pp.1-15, 2025

Abstract:
The article highlights the importance of correct treatment of indenter tip when modelling Berkovich nanoindentation. In order to account for tip imperfection, a novel analytical function describing the shape of Berkovich tip has been proposed. The parameters of the constitutive model were calibrated using
experimental stress–strain curves. Simulations of Berkovich indentation with the same set of constitutive model parameters have been then conducted. An agreement between simulated and experimental stress–strain curves as well as load-displacement curves with a single set of constitutive model parameters has been demonstrated. Finally, the role of imperfection size and crystallographic orientation have been discussed.

Keywords:
Berkovich indentation,crystal plasticity,finite element method,modelling nanoindentation,tip imperfection

Gbenga Emmanuel A., Osial M., Olugbenga Oludayo O., Osaretin Edwin O., Olusegun S., Labunmi L., Clay-based catalyst for pyrolysis of polypropylene waste into fuels, MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, ISSN: 0254-0584, DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131030, Vol.434, No.131030, pp.1-11, 2025

Keywords:
Polypropylene-waste, Pyrolysis, Montmorillonite, Distillates, Gasoline

Misiak M., Latko-Durałek P., Fernandez M., Olmedo-Martínez J., Kołbuk-Konieczny D., Górecka Ż., Malmir A., Kozera P., Müller A., Hatzikiriakos S., Boczkowska A., The relationship between thermal, rheological, and tack properties of copolyester-based hot melt adhesives, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, ISSN: 1023-666X, DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2501584, pp.1-20, 2025

Abstract:
This paper studies the interrelationships between the molecular weight, rheology, crystallinity, and tackiness of three types of commercial thermoplastic hot melt adhesives. The hot melt adhesives employed here differ in their compositions and molecular weights, even though all are copolyesters primarily based on poly(butylene terephthalate). Differences in the composition were found to influence the adhesives’ crystallization and melting behavior. These structural variations can translate into different thermal responses and processing characteristics relevant for tailoring adhesive selection to application requirements. Furthermore, adhesives with higher molecular weight were observed to possess larger elasticity, leading to significantly enhanced tackiness properties, as evidenced by the higher values of tensile modulus, peak stress, and work of debonding. This elevated tackiness was linked to the increased fibrillation process observed in polymers with higher molecular weights. Additionally, all tested adhesives exhibited storage moduli below the Dahlquist threshold (G′ < 3.3 × 105 Pa), which supports their ability to achieve measurable tackiness during the initial bonding process. The results presented in this study underscore the diversity among hot melt adhesives and the critical properties that should be considered when selecting adhesives for specific applications.

Keywords:
Hot melt adhesives, copolyester, polybutylene terephthalate, tack properties, rheology, crystallinity

Kondej A., Kukla D., Wachulak P., Zagórski A., Non-destructive method of characterizing nitrided layers in the 42CrMo4 steel using the amplitude-frequency technique of eddy currents, Open Engineering , ISSN: 2391-5439, DOI: 10.1515/eng-2025-0106, Vol.15, No.1, pp.1-11, 2025

Abstract:
The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of using the eddy current method, a technique for measuring voltage amplitude and resonant frequency, for non-destructive assessment of the thickness of the near-surface layer of iron nitrides in 42CrMo4 steel after gas nitriding. The scope of the work included preparation of test samples, chemical composition tests, surface roughness measurements, hardness distribution using the Vicker’s method and measurements of the thickness of nitrided layer on cross-sections, X-ray phase composition analysis, testing of nitrided layer using the eddy current method, analysis of the correlation of the results of destructive and non-destructive tests. The main research apparatus was the Wirotest M2 with the 25 kHz measuring head. Differences in electromagnetic parameters between the white layer and the rest of the nitrided material, as well as changes in the surface roughness of the layer, are factors influencing the eddy current signal, which allows indirect measurement of its thickness. The analysis of the voltage amplitude is more accurate, than the resonant frequency, in assessing the thickness of nitrides layer. With the increase in thickness of the nitrides layer, the voltage value of the signal of eddy currents increases. The research results also indicate the possibility of using the same measuring head to assess the roughness parameter Ra of the nitrided layer. The Wirotest M2 can be used in quality control of steel parts after nitriding.

Keywords:
non-destructive testing, eddy currents, gas nitriding, nitrides zone, thickness measurement, voltage amplitude

Sabbagh Mojaveryazdi F., pH-Responsive Transdermal Release from Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Coated Liposomes and Transethosomes: Investigating the Role of Coating in Delayed Drug Delivery, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ISSN: 2576-6422, DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00257, pp.A-K, 2025

Abstract:
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a promising therapeutic compound limited by instability and poor delivery control. This study introduces a novel approach by developing NMN-loaded liposomes and transethosomes coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to achieve stable, pH-responsive transdermal delivery, significantly improving bioavailability for clinical applications. Unlike conventional uncoated systems, PVA coating adjusted zeta potentials toward less negative values, enhancing colloidal stability, with liposomes shifting from −19 ± 0.73 mV to −15.6 ± 0.40 mV and transethosomes from −22.3 ± 0.84 to −17.72 ± 0.60 mV, and increases entrapment efficiency (e.g., transethosomes from 68.8% to 71.2%) while maintaining particle uniformity (polydispersity index reduced, e.g., from 0.421 to 0.342). FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry analyses confirmed the structural integrity and thermal stability. Ex-vivo studies demonstrated that PVA-coated formulations uniquely provide delayed, pH-dependent NMN release, contrasting with the rapid release of uncoated transethosomes at physiological pH, with reduced diffusion at pH 5.5 for targeted delivery. This innovative use of PVA-coated nanocarriers offers a transformative platform for controlled drug delivery, addressing critical NMN administration challenges.transdermal delivery, nanocarriers, liposome, transethosome, entrapment efficiency, stability

Keywords:
transdermal delivery, nanocarriers, liposome, transethosome, entrapment efficiency, stability

Sahmani S.^♦, Kotrasova K., Atif Shahzad M., Valaskova V., Zareichian M., Babak S., Study on nonlinear asymmetric thermomechanical stability of microsize FGM curved beams based on nonlocal couple stress curvature sensitive model, Results in Engineering, ISSN: 2590-1230, DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104493, Vol.25, pp.104493-1-104493-22, 2025

Keywords:
Thermo-elasticity, Microscale structures, Meshfree technique, Functionally graded composites, Background decomposition method

Kozachinskiy A., Shen A., Steifer T., Optimal Bounds for Dissatisfaction in Perpetual Voting, 39-AAAI, Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2025-02-25/03-04, Philadelphia (US), DOI: 10.1609/aaai.v39i13.33529, No.39(13), pp.13977-13984, 2025

Abstract:
In perpetual voting, multiple decisions are made at different moments in time. Taking the history of previous decisions into account allows us to satisfy properties such as proportionality over periods of time. In this paper, we consider the following question: is there a perpetual approval voting method that guarantees that no voter is dissatisfied too many times? We identify a sufficient condition on voter behavior ---which we call 'bounded conflicts' condition---under which a sublinear growth of dissatisfaction is possible. We provide a tight upper bound on the growth of dissatisfaction under bounded conflicts, using techniques from Kolmogorov complexity. We also observe that the approval voting with binary choices mimics the machine learning setting of prediction with expert advice. This allows us to present a voting method with sublinear guarantees on dissatisfaction under bounded conflicts, based on the standard techniques from prediction with expert advice.

Delle Rose V., Kozachinskiy A., Steifer T., Effective Littlestone Dimension, 36th International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, 2025-02-24/02-27, Mediolan (IT), No.272:405-417, pp.1-13, 2025

Abstract:
Delle Rose et al. (COLT’23) introduced an effective version of the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension, and showed that it characterizes improper PAC learning with total computable learners. In this paper, we introduce and study a similar effectivization of the notion of Littlestone dimension. Finite effective Littlestone dimension is a necessary condition for computable online learning but is not a sufficient one—which we already establish for classes of the effective Littlestone dimension 2. However, the effective Littlestone dimension equals the optimal mistake bound for computable learners in two special cases: a) for classes of Littlestone dimension 1 and b) when the learner receives as additional information an upper bound on the numbers to be guessed. Interestingly, a finite effective Littlestone dimension also guarantees that the class consists only of computable functions.

Keywords:
online learning, Littlestone dimension, computability

Zogata F., Halama R., Govindaraj B., Kopeć M., Wood P., Cyclic Plasticity and LCF Properties of Additive and Conventional SS316L, ICAM, 26th International Conference Applied Mechanics, 2025-04-28/04-30, Mikulov (CZ), pp.1-4, 2025

Abstract:
This paper shows differences in stress-strain behavior of conventional and additively manufactured SS316L. Low-cycle fatigue tests were performed on specimens from both used production technologies. Uniaxial fatigue tests were evaluated to study cyclic stress-strain curve. An interesting result of the study is the possibility of Digital Image Correlation to get cyclic stress-strain curve for maximal peaks in history from a single low-cycle fatigue test performed in strain controlled mode.

Keywords:
SS316L, LPBF, cyclic plasticity, low-cycle fatigue, digital image correlation

Zielińska K., Mościcki T., Comparison of wear resistance and biological properties of Ag/W1-xTixB2,5 nanocomposite and pure-silver coating, 4th Coatings and Interfaces Online Conference, 2025-05-21/05-23, Zurich (CH), pp.1-1, 2025

Keywords:
HiPIMS magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, nanocomposite, transition metal borides, silver

Wojtiuk E.A., Mościcki T., Structure and Properties of W1-xAlxB2-z Coatings, 4th Coatings and Interfaces Online Conference, 2025-05-21/05-23, Zurich (CH), pp.1-1, 2025

Keywords:
HiPIMS magnetron sputtering, DC magnetron sputtering, coatings

Bogucki D.J., Lepak L., Parashar S., Błachowski B., Wawrzyński P., EnEnv 1.0: Energy Grid Environment for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Benchmarking, AAMAS 2025, The 24th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems , 2025-05-19/05-23, Detroit (US), pp.361-370, 2025

Keywords:
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning; Energy Grid; Battery Energy Storage System

Nguyen T.^♦, Czaplewski C., Lubecka E., Liwo A., Implementation of Time-Averaged Restraints with UNRES Coarse-Grained Model of Polypeptide Chains, Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN: 1549-9618, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c01504, Vol.21, No.3, pp.1476-1493, 2025

Abstract:
Time-averaged restraints from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been implemented in the UNRES coarse-grained model of polypeptide chains in order to develop a tool for data-assisted modeling of the conformational ensembles of multistate proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), many of which are essential in cell biology. A numerically stable variant of molecular dynamics with time-averaged restraints has been introduced, in which the total energy is conserved in sections of a trajectory in microcanonical runs, the bath temperature is maintained in canonical runs, and the time-average-restraint-force components are scaled up with the length of the memory window so that the restraints affect the simulated structures. The new approach restores the conformational ensembles used to generate ensemble-averaged distances, as demonstrated with synthetic restraints. The approach results in a better fitting of the ensemble-averaged interproton distances to those determined experimentally for multistate proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions, which puts it at an advantage over all-atom approaches with regard to the determination of the conformational ensembles of proteins with diffuse structures, owing to a faster and more robust conformational search.

Khosravi N., Alzufairi A., Zahed P., Abouchenari A., Asgaran S., Reza-Soltani S., Moazzami Goudarzi Z., Biomedical applications of copper nanoparticles: an up-to-date overview, Journal of Composites and Compounds, ISSN: 2676-5837, DOI: 10.61186/jcc.6.4.1, Vol.6, pp.21-1-8, 2024

Abstract:
Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have garnered significant attention in biomedicine due to their various properties and potential applications. These nanoparticles exhibit promising antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities, which enhance their value in nanomedicine applications. Their properties, shaped by the fabrication techniques, facilitate their application in drug delivery, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, and dental applications uses. Nevertheless, obstacles persist in attaining biocompatibility and regulated release, which are vital for effective clinical transference. Toxicological evaluations are essential to ensure the secure utilization of CuNPs. Additionally, studies are ongoing to find creative solutions to address these challenges and fully harness the medical potential of CuNPs.

Keywords:
Copper nanoparticles,Antibacterial,Synthesis,Biocompatibility,Biomedical applications

Korszun‑Karbowniczak J., Krysiak Z.^♦, Saluk J., Niemcewicz M., Zdanowski R., The Progress in Molecular Transport and Therapeutic Development in Human Blood–Brain Barrier Models in Neurological Disorders, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, ISSN: 0272-4340, DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01473-6, Vol.44, pp.34-1-15, 2024

Abstract:
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS). Depending on its permeability, certain substances can penetrate the brain, while others are restricted in their passage. Therefore, the knowledge about BBB structure and function is essential for understanding physiological and pathological brain processes. Consequently, the functional models can serve as a key to help reveal this unknown. There are many in vitro models available to study molecular mechanisms that occur in the barrier. Brain endothelial cells grown in culture are commonly used to modeling the BBB. Current BBB platforms include: monolayer platforms, transwell, matrigel, spheroidal, and tissue-on-chip models. In this paper, the BBB structure, molecular characteristic, as well as its dysfunctions as a consequence of aging, neurodegeneration, or under hypoxia and neurotoxic conditions are presented. Furthermore, the current modelling strategies that can be used to study BBB for the purpose of further drugs development that may reach CNS are also described.

Keywords:
Blood-brain barrier (BBB), Hypoxia, BBB permeability, Tight junctions

Naz F., She L., Sinan M.^♦, Shao J., Enhancing Radar Echo Extrapolation by ConvLSTM2D for Precipitation Nowcasting, SENSORS, ISSN: 1424-8220, DOI: 10.3390/s24020459, Vol.24, No.2, pp.459-1-17, 2024

Abstract:
Precipitation nowcasting in real-time is a challenging task that demands accurate and current data from multiple sources. Despite various approaches proposed by researchers to address this challenge, models such as the interaction-based dual attention LSTM (IDA-LSTM) face limitations, particularly in radar echo extrapolation. These limitations include higher computational costs and resource requirements. Moreover, the fixed kernel size across layers in these models restricts their ability to extract global features, focusing more on local representations. To address these issues, this study introduces an enhanced convolutional long short-term 2D (ConvLSTM2D) based architecture for precipitation nowcasting. The proposed approach includes time-distributed layers that enable parallel Conv2D operations on each image input, enabling effective analysis of spatial patterns. Following this, ConvLSTM2D is applied to capture spatiotemporal features, which improves the model’s forecasting skills and computational efficacy. The performance evaluation employs a real-world weather dataset benchmarked against established techniques, with metrics including the Heidke skill score (HSS), critical success index (CSI), mean absolute error (MAE), and structural similarity index (SSIM). ConvLSTM2D demonstrates superior performance, achieving an HSS of 0.5493, a CSI of 0.5035, and an SSIM of 0.3847. Notably, a lower MAE of 11.16 further indicates the model’s precision in predicting precipitation.

Keywords:
precipitation nowcasting, radar echo, spatiotemporal dynamics

Szewczyk P., Kopacz M., Krysiak Z.^♦, Stachewicz U., Oil-Infused Polymer Fiber Membranes as Porous Patches for Long-Term Skin Hydration and Moisturization, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, ISSN: 1438-7492, DOI: 10.1002/mame.202300291, Vol.309, No.2, pp.2300291-1-8, 2024

Abstract:
Skin allergies and diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), affect millions worldwide. Current treatments for AD are often expensive, leading to a need for cost-effective solutions. Here, using fiber-based patches to maintain and increase skin hydration is explored, which helps treat eczema and AD. Nanofiber membranes are manufactured via electrospinning of eight different polymers: nylon 6 (PA6), polyimide (PI), poly(3-hydroxybuty-rate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polystyrene (PS), and two molecular weights poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVB). Further, their morphology is examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fibers, and pores diameter, wettability, and membrane thickness. Additionally, water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) are measured, and notably, skin hydration tests are conducted before and after using evening primrose oil-infused patches. The comparison and findings highlight the flexibility of electrospun patches, demonstrating their potential in maintaining skin hydration for 6 h and enhancing skin moisture, which are necessary in AD treatment. These insights, which focus on selecting the most effective performance patches, help improve skin moisture, leading to tailored treatments for AD, which can significantly impact the efforts to reduce healthcare costs and simplify skincare steps.

Khan A., Sinan M.^♦, Bibi S., Shah K., Hleili M., Abdalla B., Abdeljawad T., Dust acoustic nonlinearity of nonlinear mode in plasma to compute temporal and spatial results, Alexandria Engineering Journal, ISSN: 1110-0168, DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.06.030, Vol.104, pp.115-123, 2024

Abstract:
Our manuscript is related to use Caputo fractional order derivative (CFOD) to investigate results of non-linear mode in plasma. We establish results for both temporal and spatial approximate solution. For the require results, we use reduction perturbation method (RPM) to find the analytical solution of the dust acoustic shock waves. Further, using the same technique we find the solitary wave potential and compared the solutions obtained with another very useful technique known as Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The comparison of results for both approaches are more precise and agreed with the exact solution of the problem. Finally, we present graphical representation for different fractional order for both temporal and spatial approximate solution.

Keywords:
Approximate solution, Caputo derivative, Reductive perturbation, Homotopy perturbation method

Puczyńska J., Youcef D., AI in Disinformation Detection, Applied Cybersecurity & Internet Governance, ISSN: 2956-3119, DOI: 10.60097/ACIG/200200, Vol.3, No.2, pp.211-232, 2024

Abstract:
The Russian Doppelganger campaign was a flop. It tried to target European governments and institutions with fake news and cloned websites, but its measurable impact on real users—views, likes, or shares—was minimal [1]. However, as part of ongoing efforts to influence Western media, this campaign contributes to altering online discourse and normalizing hate speech. The potential harm from such attacks has been proven to be even more extreme. Such threats require international collaboration to identify and effectively counter such campaigns. The popularization of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated the spread of fake news. On the other hand, AI can help us fight back even better. Leveraging AI-driven techniques—such as Natural Language Processing (NLP), multimedia analysis, and network analysis—is crucial in this fight, as well as a common language to describe hybrid attacks. Therefore, our discussion relies on the DISARM Framework, a disinformation-focused counterpart to the MITRE ATT&CK framework, designed to standardise disinformation-related terminology and analytical methods [2]. This paper is focused on a key tactic of disinformation: overwhelming the target, a strategy evident in many social engineering plots. Be it news or messages, the 21st century forces is overfilled with content, forcing people into constant stress, weakening their decision-making, and increasing their susceptibility to manipulation. We discuss the practical overview of disinformation detection. In this discussion, we include uncertainty quantification (UQ) as a groundbreaking tool to counteract this challenge (a solution introduced by Puczynska et al. [3]). UQ enhances reliability, explainability, and adaptability in disinformation detection systems, as it enables estimation of model confidence. Our framework demonstrates the potential of AI-driven systems to counteract disinformation through multimodal analysis and cross-platform collaboration while maintaining transparency and ethical integrity. We underscore the urgency of integrating UQ into fake news detection methodologies to address the rapid evolution of disinformation campaigns. The paper concludes by outlining future directions for developing scalable, transparent, and resilient systems to safeguard information integrity and societal trust in an increasingly digital age.

Leśniewski M., Pyrka M., Czaplewski C., Nguyen Truong C.^♦, Jiang Y., Gong Z., Tang C., Liwo A., Assessment of Two Restraint Potentials for Coarse-Grained Chemical-Cross-Link-Assisted Modeling of Protein Structures, Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, ISSN: 1549-9596, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01890, Vol.64, No.4, pp.1377-1393, 2024

Abstract:
The influence of distance restraints from chemical cross-link mass spectroscopy (XL-MS) on the quality of protein structures modeled with the coarse-grained UNRES force field was assessed by using a protocol based on multiplexed replica exchange molecular dynamics, in which both simulated and experimental cross-link restraints were employed, for 23 small proteins. Six cross-links with upper distance boundaries from 4 Å to 12 Å (azido benzoic acid succinimide (ABAS), triazidotriazine (TATA), succinimidyldiazirine (SDA), disuccinimidyl adipate (DSA), disuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG), and disuccinimidyl suberate (BS3)) and two types of restraining potentials ((i) simple flat-bottom Lorentz-like potentials dependent on side chain distance (all cross-links) and (ii) distance- and orientation-dependent potentials determined based on molecular dynamics simulations of model systems (DSA, DSG, BS3, and SDA)) were considered. The Lorentz-like potentials with properly set parameters were found to produce a greater number of higher-quality models compared to unrestrained simulations than the MD-based potentials, because the latter can force too long distances between side chains. Therefore, the flat-bottom Lorentz-like potentials are recommended to represent cross-link restraints. It was also found that significant improvement of model quality upon the introduction of cross-link restraints is obtained when the sum of differences of indices of cross-linked residues exceeds 150.

Krysiak Z.^♦, Stachewicz U., Electrospun fibers as carriers for topical drug delivery and release in skin bandages and patches for atopic dermatitis treatment, WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, ISSN: 1939-0041, DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1829, Vol.15, No.1, pp.e1829-1-35, 2023

Abstract:
The skin is a complex layer system and the most important barrier between the environment and the organism. In this review, we describe some widespread skin problems, with a focus on eczema, which are affecting more and more people all over the world. Most of treatment methods for atopic dermatitis (AD) are focused on increasing skin moisture and protecting from bacterial infection and external irritation. Topical and transdermal treatments have specific requirements for drug delivery. Breathability, flexibility, good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and efficacy are important for the patches used for skin. Up to today, electrospun fibers are mostly used for wound dressing. Their properties, however, meet the requirements for skin patches for the treatment of AD. Active agents can be incorporated into fibers by blending, coaxial or side-by-side electrospinning, and also by physical absorption post-processing. Drug release from the electrospun membranes is affected by drug and polymer properties and the technique used to combine them into the patch. We describe in detail the in vitro release mechanisms, parameters affecting the drug transport, and their kinetics, including theoretical approaches. In addition, we present the current research on skin patch design. This review summarizes the current extensive know-how on electrospun fibers as skin drug delivery systems, while underlining the advantages in their prospective use as patches for atopic dermatitis.

This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies

Keywords:
atopic dermatitis, drug delivery, electrospinning, electrospun fibers, release, skin patches

Sinan M.^♦, Leng J., Shah K., Abdeljawad T., Advances in numerical simulation with a clustering method based on K–means algorithm and Adams Bashforth scheme for fractional order laser chaotic system, Alexandria Engineering Journal, ISSN: 1110-0168, DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2023.05.080, Vol.75, pp.165-179, 2023

Abstract:
In this research work, we present a mathematical analysis of a fractional sixth-order laser model of a resonant which is homogeneously extended three-level optically pumped. We use Caputo fractional order derivative in the proposed model. Our analysis includes an investigation of various chaotic behaviors under fractional order derivative and qualitative theory of the existence of the solution to the proposed model. For our required analysis of qualitative type, we use formal analysis tools. Further, numerical simulations are performed with a clustering method based on the K–Means algorithm and Adams Bashforth scheme. With the help of the aforesaid scheme, we present different chaotic behavior corresponding to various values of fractional order. Finally, we give a comparison of the CPU time of the proposed method with that of the RK4 method.

Keywords:
Qualitative theory, Chaotic behavior, K–Means algorithm, A clustering method, Adams Bashforth Scheme

Sinan M.^♦, Ansari K., Kanwal A., Shah K., Abdeljawad T., Zakirullah ., Abdalla B., Analysis of the mathematical model of cutaneous Leishmaniasis disease, Alexandria Engineering Journal, ISSN: 1110-0168, DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2023.03.065, Vol.72, pp.117-134, 2023

Abstract:
Mathematical models are powerful tools to study various real-world problems from different perspectives. This branch has been given much more popularity over the last several decades. Various mathematical models corresponding to different diseases have been studied so far. Keeping these details in mind, the present manuscript is devoted to present a detailed mathematical analysis of the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis disease model. Some basic properties of the model are studied including positivity, the existence of equilibrium points, and reproductive number. The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the model under consideration are also investigated. Local and global stability analyses of equilibrium points are also studied. For the required results, we use the Lyapunov function method and the third additive compound matrix technique based on the Metzler procedure. Sensitivity analysis is also investigated by using some tools from the numerical-functional analysis. A numerical analysis of the proposed model is performed by using a nonstandard finite difference scheme. Moreover, for the justification of our results, we give some graphical presentation of the model for each class in the model. Also, we present some graphical presentations related to the sensitivity analysis along with the tables for its various indices.

Keywords:
Leishmaniasis Disease model, Local and global stability, Sensitivity Analysis, Numerical analysis, Non standard finite difference method

Sinan M.^♦, Alharthi N., Mathematical Analysis of Fractal-Fractional Mathematical Model of COVID-19, Fractal and Fractional , ISSN: 2504-3110, DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract7050358, Vol.7, No.5, pp.358-1-27, 2023

Abstract:
In this work, we modified a dynamical system that addresses COVID-19 infection under a fractal-fractional-order derivative. The model investigates the psychological effects of the disease on humans. We establish global and local stability results for the model under the aforementioned derivative. Additionally, we compute the fundamental reproduction number, which helps predict the transmission of the disease in the community. Using the Carlos Castillo-Chavez method, we derive some adequate results about the bifurcation analysis of the proposed model. We also investigate sensitivity analysis to the given model using the criteria of Chitnis and his co-authors. Furthermore, we formulate the characterization of optimal control strategies by utilizing Pontryagin’s maximum principle. We simulate the model for different fractal-fractional orders subject to various parameter values using Adam Bashforth’s numerical method. All numerical findings are presented graphically.

Keywords:
dynamical system, fractal-fractional-order derivative, Pontryagin’s maximum principle, bifurcation analysis, sensitivity analysis, control strategies

Sinan M.^♦, Shah K., Abdeljawad T., Akgul A., Analysis of Nonlinear Mathematical Model of COVID-19 via Fractional-Order Piecewise Derivative, Chaos Theory and Applications, ISSN: 2687-4539, DOI: 10.51537/chaos.1210461, Vol.5, No.1, pp.27-33, 2023

Abstract:
Short memory and long memory terms are excellently explained using the concept of piecewise fractional order derivatives. In this research work, we investigate dynamical systems addressing COVID-19 under piecewise equations with fractional order derivative (FOD). Here, we study the sensitivity of the proposed model by using some tools from the nonlinear analysis. Additionally, we develop a numerical scheme to simulate the model against various fractional orders by using Matlab 2016. All the results are presented graphically.

Keywords:
Nonlinear dynamical system, Crossover behavior, Mathematical biology, Sensitivity analysis

Krysiak Z.^♦, Abdolmaleki H., Agarwala S., Stachewicz U., Inkjet Printing of Electrodes on Electrospun Micro- and Nanofiber Hydrophobic Membranes for Flexible and Smart Textile Applications, Polymers, ISSN: 2073-4360, DOI: 10.3390/polym14225043, Vol.14, No.22, pp.5043-1-14, 2022

Abstract:
With the increasing demand for smart textile and sensor applications, the interest in printed electronics is rising. In this study, we explore the applicability of electrospun membranes, characterized by high porosity and hydrophobicity, as potential substrates for printed electronics. The two most common inks, silver and carbon, were used in inkjet printing to create a conductive paths on electrospun membranes. As substrates, we selected hydrophobic polymers, such as polyimide (PI), low- and high-molecular-weight poly (vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVB) and polystyrene (PS). Electrospinning of PI and PVB resulted in nanofibers in the range of 300–500 nm and PVB and PS microfibers (1–5 μm). The printed patterns were investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and resistance measurements. To verify the biocompatibility of printed electrodes on the membranes, an indirect cytotoxicity test with cells (MG-63) was performed. In this research, we demonstrated good printability of silver and carbon inks on flexible PI, PVB and PS electrospun membranes, leading to electrodes with excellent conductivity. The cytotoxicity study indicated the possibility of using manufactured printed electronics for various sensors and also as topical wearable devices.

Keywords:
printed electronics,inkjet printing,electrospinning,fibers,hydrophobicity,cells,membrane

Krysiak Z.^♦, Stachewicz U., Urea-Based Patches with Controlled Release for Potential Atopic Dermatitis Treatment, Pharmaceutics, ISSN: 1999-4923, DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071494, Vol.14, No.7, pp.1494-1-10, 2022

Abstract:
Skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) are widespread and affect people all over the world. Current treatments for dry and itchy skin are mostly focused on pharmaceutical solutions, while supportive therapies such as ointments bring immediate relief. Electrospun membranes are commonly used as a drug delivery system, as they have a high surface to volume area, resulting in high loading capacity. Within this study we present the manufacturing strategies of skin patches using polymer membranes with active substances for treating various skin problems. Here, we manufactured the skin patches using electrospun poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVB) fibers blended and electrosprayed with urea. The highest cumulative release of urea was obtained from the PVB patches manufactured via blend electrospinning with 5% of the urea incorporated in the fiber. The maximum concentration of released urea was acquired after 30 min, which was followed up by 6 h of constant release level. The simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying limited the urea deposition and resulted in the lowest urea incorporation followed by the low release level. The urea-based patches, manufactured via blend electrospinning, exhibited a great potential as overnight treatment for various skin problems and their development can bring new trends to the textile-based therapies for AD.

Keywords:
PVB, electrospinning, electrospray, fibers, urea

Shah K., Sinan M.^♦, Abdeljawad T., El-Shorbagy M., Abdalla B., Abualrub M., A Detailed Study of a Fractal-Fractional Transmission Dynamical Model of Viral Infectious Disease with Vaccination, Complexity, ISSN: 1099-0526, DOI: 10.1155/2022/7236824, Vol.2022, No.1, pp.7236824-1-21, 2022

Abstract:
This article is devoted to investigate a mathematical model consisting on susceptible, exposed, infected, quarantined, vaccinated, and recovered compartments of COVID-19. The concerned model describes the transmission mechanism of the disease dynamics with therapeutic measures of vaccination of susceptible people along with the cure of the infected population. In the said study, we use the fractal-fractional order derivative to understand the dynamics of all compartments of the proposed model in more detail. Therefore, the first model is formulated. Then, two equilibrium points disease-free (DF) and endemic are computed. Furthermore, the basic threshold number is also derived. Some sufficient conditions for global asymptotical stability are also established. By using the next-generation matrix method, local stability analysis is developed. We also attempt the sensitivity analysis of the parameters of the proposed model. Finally, for the numerical simulations, the Adams–Bashforth method is used. Using some available data, the results are displayed graphically using various fractal-fractional orders to understand the mechanism of the dynamics. In addition, we compare our numerical simulation with real data in the case of reported infected cases.

Rezapour S., Etemad S., Sinan M.^♦, Alzabut J., Vinodkumar A., A Mathematical Analysis on the New Fractal-Fractional Model of Second-Hand Smokers via the Power Law Type Kernel: Numerical Solutions, Equilibrium Points, and Sensitivity Analysis, Journal of Function Spaces, ISSN: 2314-8896, DOI: 10.1155/2022/3553021, Vol.2022, pp.3553021-1-26, 2022

Abstract:
The second-hand smoke is a phenomenon that needs to be investigated, and its effects on the health of the people are to be examined. To analyze such an issue, the mathematical models are the best tools that help us to study the dynamical behaviors of this phenomenon. For this purpose, in the present paper, we consider a three-compartmental fractal-fractional mathematical model of a specific population of smokers or people that are exposed to second-hand smoke. By assuming some conditions on ϕ-ψ-contractions and compact operators, we prove some theorems in relation to the existence of solutions. The Banach principle for the usual contractions is used for proving the uniqueness of solutions. Next, by some notions of functional analysis, two types of Ulam-Hyers stability for the fractal-fractional second-hand smoker model are established. Moreover, we have a steady-state analysis and obtain equilibrium points and basic reproduction number R0. Then, we investigate the sensitivity of the fractal-fractional system with respect to each parameter. For numerical simulation, the Adams-Bashforth (AB) method is used to derive numerical schemes for plotting and simulating the approximate solutions. Finally, the obtained solutions are tested with real data and different values of fractal dimensions and fractional orders.

Krysiak Z.^♦, Szewczyk P., Berniak K., Sroczyk E., Boratyn E., Stachewicz U., Stretchable skin hydrating PVB patches with controlled pores' size and shape for deliberate evening primrose oil spreading, transport and release, , DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212786, Vol.136, pp.212786-1-14, 2022

Abstract:
With the increasing number of skin problems such as atopic dermatitis and the number of affected people, scientists are looking for alternative treatments to standard ointment or cream applications. Electrospun membranes are known for their high porosity and surface to volume area, which leads to a great loading capacity and their applications as skin patches. Polymer fibers are widely used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems or regenerative medicine. Importantly, fibrous meshes are used as oil reservoirs due to their excellent absorption properties. In our study, nano- and microfibers of poly (vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVB) were electrospun. The biocompatibility of PVB fibers was confirmed with the keratinocytes culture studies, including cells' proliferation and replication tests. To verify the usability and stretchability of electrospun membranes, they were tested in two forms as-spun and elongated after uniaxially stretched. We examine oil transport through the patches for as-spun fibers and compare it with the numerical simulation of oil flow in the 3D reconstruction of nano- and microfiber networks. Evening primrose oil spreading and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) tests were performed too. Finally, for skin hydration tests, manufactured materials loaded with evening primrose oil were applied to the forearm of volunteers for 6 h, showing increased skin moisture after using patches. This study clearly demonstrates that pore size and shape, together with fiber diameter, influence oil transport in the electrospun patches allowing to understand the key driving process of electrospun PVB patches for skin hydration applications. The oil release improves skin moisture and can be designed regarding the needs, by manufacturing different fibers' sizes and arrangements. The fibrous based patches loaded with oils are easy to handle and could remain on the altered skin for a long time and deliver the oil, therefore they are an ideal material for overnight bandages for skin treatment.

Keywords:
Controlled oil spreading, Electrospun fibers, fiber elongation, Atopic skin, Keratinocytes, Oil flow numerical modeling

Khan A., Khan A., Sinan M.^♦, Ion temperature gradient modes driven soliton and shock by reduction perturbation method for electron-ion magneto-plasma, Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications, ISSN: 2791-8564, DOI: 10.53391/mmnsa.2022.01.001, Vol.2, No.1, pp.1-12, 2022

Abstract:
In our observation, we have used an easy and reliable approach of the reduction perturbation method to obtain the solution of the ion temperature gradient mode driven linear and nonlinear structures of relatively small amplitude. One can use that methodology in the more complex environment of the plasma and can obtain a straightforward approach toward his studies. We have studied different parameter impacts on the linear and nonlinear modes of the ITG by using data from tokamak plasma. Hence, our study is related to the tokamak plasma and one that can apply to the nonlinear electrostatic study of stiller and interstellar regimes where such types of plasma environment occur.

Keywords:
Ion temperature gradient, soliton, shock, electron-ion plasma, reduction perturbation method, linear and non-linear structures

Sinan M.^♦, Leng J., Anjum M., Fiaz M., Asymptotic behavior and semi-analytic solution of a novel compartmental biological model, Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications, ISSN: 2791-8564, DOI: 10.53391/mmnsa.2022.008, Vol.2, No.2, pp.88-107, 2022

Abstract:
This study proposes a novel mathematical model of COVID-19 and its qualitative properties. Asymptotic behavior of the proposed model with local and global stability analysis is investigated by considering the Lyapunov function. The mentioned model is globally stable around the disease-endemic equilibrium point conditionally. For a better understanding of the disease propagation with vaccination in the population, we split the population into five compartments: susceptible, exposed, infected, vaccinated, and recovered based on the fundamental Kermack-McKendrick model. He's homotopy perturbation technique is used for the semi-analytical solution of the suggested model. For the sake of justification, we present the numerical simulation with graphical results.

Keywords:
Local asymptotic stability, global asymptotic stability, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, COVID-19, infectious disease modeling

Sabaie H., Mazaheri Moghaddam M., Mazaheri Moghaddam M., Amirinejad N.^♦, Asadi M. R., Daneshmandpour Y., Hussen B. M., Taheri M., Rezazadeh M., Long non-coding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA axes in the olfactory epithelium in schizophrenia: a bioinformatics analysis, Scientific Reports, ISSN: 2045-2322, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04326-0, Vol.11, pp.24497-1-9, 2021

Abstract:
The etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), as a serious mental illness, is unknown. The significance of genetics in SCZ pathophysiology is yet unknown, and newly identified mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene transcription may be helpful in determining how these changes affect SCZ development and progression. In the current work, we used a bioinformatics approach to describe the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-associated competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) samples in order to better understand the molecular regulatory processes implicated in SCZ disorders in living individuals. The Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to obtain the OE microarray dataset (GSE73129) from SCZ sufferers and control subjects, which contained information about both lncRNAs and mRNAs. The limma package of R software was used to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). RNA interaction pairs were discovered using the Human MicroRNA Disease Database, DIANA-LncBase, and miRTarBase databases. In this study, the Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to find positive correlations between DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in the ceRNA network. Eventually, lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes were developed based on co-expression relations and DElncRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA interactions. This work found six potential DElncRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA loops in SCZ pathogenesis, including, SNTG2-AS1/hsa-miR-7-5p/SLC7A5, FLG-AS1/hsa-miR-34a-5p/FOSL1, LINC00960/hsa-miR-34a-5p/FOSL1, AQP4-AS1/hsa-miR-335-5p/FMN2, SOX2-OT/hsa-miR-24-3p/NOS3, and CASC2/hsa-miR-24-3p/NOS3. According to the findings, ceRNAs in OE might be promising research targets for studying SCZ molecular mechanisms. This could be a great opportunity to examine different aspects of neurodevelopment that may have been hampered early in SCZ patients.

Kiran A., Shekhar C.^♦, Sabapathy M., Mishra M., Kumar L., Kumar N., Mehandia V., Effect of serum starvation on rheology of cell monolayers, PHYSICS OF FLUIDS, ISSN: 1070-6631, DOI: 10.1063/5.0050984, Vol.33, No.7, pp.071908 -1-17, 2021

Abstract:
The rheological properties of cells and tissues are central to embryonic development and homeostasis in adult tissues and organs and are closely related to their physiological activities. This work presents our study of rheological experiments on cell monolayer under serum starvation compared to healthy cell monolayer with full serum. Serum starvation is one of the most widely used procedures in cell biology. However, the effect of deprivation of serum concentration on the material properties of cells is still unknown. Therefore, we performed macro-rheology experiments to investigate the effect of serum starvation on a fully confluent Madin–Darby Canine Kidney cell monolayer. The material properties, such as linear and non-linear viscoelastic moduli, of the monolayer, were measured using oscillatory shear experiments under serum-free [0% fetal bovine serum (FBS)] and full serum (10% FBS) conditions. Our results indicate that a serum-starved cell monolayer shows a different rheological behavior than a healthy cell monolayer. The loss and storage moduli decrease for the step-change in oscillatory strain amplitude experiments for a serum-starved cell monolayer and do not recover fully even after small deformation. In comparison, a healthy cell monolayer under full serum condition remains flexible and can fully recover even from a large deformation at higher strain. The effect of adhesion due to fibronectin was also studied in this work, and we found a significant difference in slip behavior for cell monolayer with and without serum.

Shekhar C.^♦, Kiran A., Mehandia V., Dugyala Venkateshwar R., Sabapathy M., Droplet–Bijel–Droplet Transition in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Stabilized by Oppositely Charged Nanoparticles: A Simple Pathway to Fabricate Bijels, LANGMUIR, ISSN: 0743-7463, DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00655, Vol.37, No.23, pp.7055-7066, 2021

Abstract:
We demonstrate a novel yet straightforward methodology of stabilizing aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) using oppositely charged nanoparticles (OCNPs). We employ commercial-grade, Ludox, OCNPs to induce self-assembly. This self-assembly route promotes the stronger adsorption of nanoparticles at the water–water interface by triggering the formation of 2D and 3D aggregates of varying sizes and shapes. The interplay of this size and shape promotes stability due to increased Gibbs detachment energy and modulates the resulting cluster adsorption at the interface, thereby the structural state of emulsions. We demonstrate the influence of polymers’ and particles’ composition on the structural transformation from droplet–bijel–droplet using a phase diagram. For the first time, such a structural transition and the single pathway are reported within the domain of ATPS to produce stable bijels or colloidal capsules. It is asserted that the essential condition of three-phase contact angle (θ) = 90° to favor the formation of bijels can be established by selecting a suitable experimental condition using a phase diagram without employing any complicated surface modification procedures reported in the literature. Further, the mechanistic route favoring the formation of bijels and emulsion droplets at different experimental regimes is presented based on the empirical study using turbidity and zeta potential measurements. These studies reveal that the formation of bijels will be most favored when the parameter M (ratio of weight fraction of positively charged nanoparticles to negatively charged nanoparticles) is chosen between 0.7 and 4. It is intriguing to note the fact that, while the droplets stabilized by OCNPs have shown good resilience under high centrifugal action, the bijels produced in this way continued to remain stable for a long time, offering a facile route to prepare the bijels with a hierarchical bicontinuous network structure.

Krysiak Z.^♦, Knapczyk-Korczak J., Maniak G., Stachewicz U., Moisturizing effect of skin patches with hydrophobic and hydrophilic electrospun fibers for atopic dermatitis, COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES, ISSN: 0927-7765, DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111554, Vol.199, pp.111554-1-8, 2021

Abstract:
Atopic dermatitis (eczema), one of the most common disease and also most difficult to treat, is seeking for novel development not only in medicine but also in bioengineering. Moisturization is the key in eczema treatment as dry skin triggers inflammation that damages the skin barrier. Thus, here we combine electrospun hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) and hydrophilic nylon 6 (PA6) with oils to create patches helping to moisturize atopic skin. The fibrous membranes manufactured using electrospinning: PS, PA6, composite PS – PA6 and sandwich system combining them were characterized by water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) and fluid uptake ability (FUA). To create the most effective moisturizing patches we use borage, black cumin seed and evening primrose oil and tested their spreading. We show a great potential of our designed patches, the oil release tests on a skin and their moisturizing effect were verified. Our results distinctly reveal that both fiber sizes and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of polymer influence oil spreading, release from membranes and WVTR measurements. Importantly, the direct skin test indicates the evident increase of hydration for both dry and normal skin after using the patches. The electrospun patches based on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers have outstanding properties to be used as oil carriers for atopic dermatitis treatment.

Keywords:
PS – PA6 composite,Electrospinning,Skin patches,Oil carriers,Atopic skin,Controlled oil release

Sabaie H., Salkhordeh Z., Asadi M. R., Ghafouri-Fard S., Amirinejad N.^♦, Behzadi M. A., Bashdar M. H., Taheri M., Rezazadeh M., Long Non-Coding RNA- Associated Competing Endogenous RNA Axes in T-Cells in Multiple Sclerosis, Frontiers in Immunology, ISSN: 1664-3224, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770679 , Vol.12, pp.770679-1-8, 2021

Abstract:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating and degenerative disease with unknown etiology. Inappropriate response of T-cells to myelin antigens has an essential role in the pathophysiology of MS. The clinical and pathophysiological complications of MS necessitate identification of potential molecular targets to understand the pathogenic events of MS. Since the functions and regulatory mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in MS are yet uncertain, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis to explain the lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes to clarify molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in T-cells responses in MS. Two microarray datasets of peripheral blood T-cell from subjects with relapsing-remitting MS and matched controls containing data about miRNAs (GSE43590), mRNAs and lncRNAs (GSE43591) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), mRNAs (DEmRNAs), and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified by the limma package of the R software. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module were developed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) Cytoscape plugin, respectively. Using DIANA-LncBase and miRTarBase, the lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes was constructed. We conducted a Pearson correlation analysis and selected the positive correlations among the lncRNAs and mRNAs in the ceRNA axes. Lastly, DEmRNAs pathway enrichment was conducted by the Enrichr tool. A ceRNA regulatory relationship among Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1), hsa-miR-197-3p, YOD1 deubiquitinase (YOD1) and zinc finger protein 101 (ZNF101) and downstream connected genes was identified. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEmRNAs were enriched in “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” and “Herpes simplex virus 1 infection” pathways. To our knowledge, this would be the first report of a possible role of SNHG1/hsa-miR-197-3p/YOD1/ZNF101 axes in the pathogenesis of MS. This research remarks on the significance of ceRNAs and prepares new perceptions for discovering the molecular mechanism of MS.

Keywords:
bioinformatics analysis,competing endogenous RNA,long non-coding RNA,microarray,multiple sclerosis

Sabaie H., Amirinejad N.^♦, Asadi Mohammad R., Jalaiei A., Daneshmandpour Y., Rezaei O., Taheri M., Rezazadeh M., Molecular Insight Into the Therapeutic Potential of Long Non-coding RNA-Associated Competing Endogenous RNA Axes in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Scoping Review, Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, ISSN: 1663-4365, DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.742242, Vol.13, pp.742242-1-15, 2021

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a heterogeneous degenerative brain disorder with a rising prevalence worldwide. The two hallmarks that characterize the AD pathophysiology are amyloid plaques, generated via aggregated amyloid β, and neurofibrillary tangle, generated via accumulated phosphorylated tau. At the post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels, the regulatory functions of non-coding RNAs, in particular long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been ascertained in gene expressions. It is noteworthy that a number of lncRNAs feature a prevalent role in their potential of regulating gene expression through modulation of microRNAs via a process called the mechanism of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Given the multifactorial nature of ceRNA interaction networks, they might be advantageous in complex disorders (e.g., AD) investigations at the therapeutic targets level. We carried out scoping review in this research to analyze validated loops of ceRNA in AD and focus on ceRNA axes associated with lncRNA. This scoping review was performed according to a six-stage methodology structure and PRISMA guideline. A systematic search of seven databases was conducted to find eligible articles prior to July 2021. Two reviewers independently performed publications screening and data extraction, and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Fourteen articles were identified that fulfill the inclusion criteria. Studies with different designs reported nine lncRNAs that were experimentally validated to act as ceRNA in AD in human-related studies, including BACE1-AS, SNHG1, RPPH1, NEAT1, LINC00094, SOX21-AS1, LINC00507, MAGI2-AS3, and LINC01311. The BACE1-AS/BACE1 was the most frequent ceRNA pair. Among miRNAs, miR-107 played a key role by regulating three different loops. Understanding the various aspects of this regulatory mechanism can help elucidate the unknown etiology of AD and provide new molecular targets for use in therapeutic and clinical applications.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease,antisense oligonucleotides,competing endogenous RNA,long non-coding RNA,miRNA sponge

Metwally S., Ura D. P., Krysiak Z.^♦, Kaniuk , Szewczyk P. K., Stachewicz U., Electrospun PCL Patches with Controlled Fiber Morphology and Mechanical Performance for Skin Moisturization via Long-Term Release of Hemp Oil for Atopic Dermatitis, Membranes, ISSN: 2077-0375, DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010026, Vol.11, No.1, pp.26-1-13, 2021

Abstract:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition, caused by wide genetic, environmental, or immunologic factors. AD is very common in children but can occur at any age. The lack of long-term treatments forces the development of new strategies for skin regeneration. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a well-developed, tissue-compatible biomaterial showing also good mechanical properties. In our study, we designed the electrospun PCL patches with controlled architecture and topography for long-term release in time. Hemp oil shows anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, increasing also the skin moisture without clogging the pores. It can be used as an alternative cure for patients that do not respond to traditional treatments. In the study, we tested the mechanical properties of PCL fibers, and the hemp oil spreading together with the release in time measured on skin model and human skin. The PCL membranes are suitable material as patches or bandages, characterized by good mechanical properties and high permeability. Importantly, PCL patches showed release of hemp oil up to 55% within 6 h, increasing also the skin moisture up to 25%. Our results confirmed that electrospun PCL patches are great material as oil carriers indicating a high potential to be used as skin patches for AD skin treatment.

Keywords:
PCL,electrospinning,fibers,tensile strength,hemp oil,skin patches,release,skin moisture,atopic dermatitis

Ali A., Khan M., Sinan M.^♦, Allehiany F., Mahmoud E., Abdel-Aty A., Gohar A., Theoretical and numerical analysis of novel COVID-19 via fractional order mathematical model, Results in Physics, ISSN: 2211-3797, DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103676, Vol.20, pp.103676-1-10, 2021

Abstract:
In the work, author’s presents a very significant and important issues related to the health of mankind’s. Which is extremely important to realize the complex dynamic of inflected disease. With the help of Caputo fractional derivative, We capture the epidemiological system for the transmission of Novel Coronavirus-19 Infectious Disease (nCOVID-19). We constructed the model in four compartments susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered. We obtained the conditions for existence and Ulam’s type stability for proposed system by using the tools of non-linear analysis. The author’s thoroughly discussed the local and global asymptotical stabilities of underling model upon the disease free, endemic equilibrium and reproductive number. We used the techniques of Laplace Adomian decomposition method for the approximate solution of consider system. Furthermore, author’s interpret the dynamics of proposed system graphically via Mathematica, from which we observed that disease can be either controlled to a large extent or eliminate, if transmission rate is reduced and increase the rate of treatment.

Keywords:
Fractional Derivatives, Fixed point theory, Ulams type Stabilities, Mathematical modeling, Approximate Solutions, Laplace-Adomian decomposition method

Sinan M.^♦, Shah K., Khan Z., Al-Mdallal Q., Rihan F., On Semianalytical Study of Fractional-Order Kawahara Partial Differential Equation with the Homotopy Perturbation Method, Journal of Mathematics, ISSN: 2314-4629, DOI: 10.1155/2021/6045722, Vol.2021, No.1, pp.6045722-1-11, 2021

Abstract:
In this study, we investigate the semianalytic solution of the fifth-order Kawahara partial differential equation (KPDE) with the approach of fractional-order derivative. We use Caputo-type derivative to investigate the said problem by using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for the required solution. We obtain the solution in the form of infinite series. We next triggered different parametric effects (such as x, t, and so on) on the structure of the solitary wave propagation, demonstrating that the breadth and amplitude of the solitary wave potential may alter when these parameters are changed. We have demonstrated that He’s approach is highly effective and powerful for the solution of such a higher-order nonlinear partial differential equation through our calculations and simulations. We may apply our method to an additional complicated problem, particularly on the applied side, such as astrophysics, plasma physics, and quantum mechanics, to perform complex theoretical computation. Graphical presentation of few terms approximate solutions are given at different fractional orders.

Sinan M.^♦, Ali A., Shah K., Assiri T., Nofal T., Stability analysis and optimal control of Covid-19 pandemic SEIQR fractional mathematical model with harmonic mean type incidence rate and treatment, Results in Physics, ISSN: 2211-3797, DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.103873, Vol.22, pp.103873-1-14, 2021

Abstract:
In the present work, we investigated the transmission dynamics of fractional order SARS-CoV-2 mathematical model with the help of Susceptible , Exposed , Infected , Quarantine , and Recovered . The aims of this work is to investigate the stability and optimal control of the concerned mathematical model for both local and global stability by third additive compound matrix approach and we also obtained threshold value by the next generation approach. The author’s visualized the desired results graphically. We also control each of the population of underlying model with control variables by optimal control strategies with Pontryagin’s maximum Principle and obtained the desired numerical results by using the homotopy perturbation method. The proposed model is locally asymptotically unstable, while stable globally asymptotically on endemic equilibrium. We also explored the results graphically in numerical section for better understanding of transmission dynamics.

Keywords:
Basic reproduction number, Stability analysis, Third additive compound matrix, Homotopy perturbation method, Next generation matrix, Fractional optimal control

Kaniuk , Krysiak Z.^♦, Metwally S., Stachewicz U., Osteoblasts and fibroblasts attachment to poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydrovaleric acid) (PHBV) film and electrospun scaffolds, Materials Science and Engineering C, ISSN: 0928-4931, DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110668, Vol.110, pp.110668-1-8, 2020

Abstract:
The cellular response is the most crucial in vitro research. Materials' biocompatibility is determined based on cell proliferation and growth. Moreover, the topography of the scaffold surface is the key to enhance cell attachment and anchoring that importantly control further tissue development. Individual cell types have specific preferences regarding the type of surface and its geometry. In our research, we used poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydrovaleric acid) PHBV to produce two types of substrate: a 3D structure of electrospun fibers and 2D flat films. The PHBV products were morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cytocompatibility was evaluated with cell viability and proliferation using two different types of cells: human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) and NIH 3 T3 murine fibroblast cells. The behaviour of both cell types was compared on the similar PHBV fiber scaffolds and films using two types of polystyrene (PS) based substrate for the cell culture study: unmodified PS that is not favourable for the attachment of cells and on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) plates, which are chemically modify to enhance cells attachment. The results clearly showed high biocompatibility of PHBV as both types of cells showed similar proliferation. These results indicated that PHBV scaffolds are suitable for the development of multifunctional substrates facilitating the growth of different types of tissue regardless of the 3D and 2D designed structures for regeneration purposes.

Keywords:
PHBV,Fiber,Thin film,Osteoblast,Fibroblast,Cell,attachment

Krysiak Z.^♦, Gawlik M., Knapczyk-Korczak J., Kaniuk Ł., Stachewicz U., Hierarchical Composite Meshes of Electrospun PS Microfibers with PA6 Nanofibers for Regenerative Medicine, Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma13081974, Vol.13, No.8, pp.1974-1-11, 2020

Abstract:
One of the most frequently applied polymers in regenerative medicine is polystyrene (PS), which is commonly used as a flat surface and requires surface modifications for cell culture study. Here, hierarchical composite meshes were fabricated via electrospinning PS with nylon 6 (PA6) to obtain enhanced cell proliferation, development, and integration with nondegradable polymer fibers. The biomimetic approach of designed meshes was verified with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and MTS assay up to 7 days of cell culture. In particular, adding PA6 nanofibers changes the fibroblast attachment to meshes and their development, which can be observed by cell flattening, filopodia formation, and spreading. The proposed single-step manufacturing of meshes controlled the surface properties and roughness of produced composites, allowing governing cell behavior. Within this study, we show the alternative engineering of nondegradable meshes without post-treatment steps, which can be used in various applications in regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
polystyrene, nylon 6, electrospun fibers, composite mesh, proliferation, roughness

Metwally S., Ferraris S., Spriano S., Krysiak Z.^♦, Kaniuk , Marzec M. M., Kim Sung K., Szewczyk P. K., Gruszczyński A., Wytrwal-Sarna M., Karbowniczek J. E., Bernasik A., Kar-Narayan S., Stachewicz U., Surface potential and roughness controlled cell adhesion and collagen formation in electrospun PCL fibers for bone regeneration, MATERIALS AND DESIGN, ISSN: 0264-1275, DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108915, Vol.194, pp.108915-1-11, 2020

Abstract:
Surface potential of biomaterials is a key factor regulating cell responses, driving their adhesion and signaling in tissue regeneration. In this study we compared the surface and zeta potential of smooth and porous electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers, as well as PCL films, to evaluate their significance in bone regeneration. The ’ surface potential of the fibers was controlled by applying positive and negative voltage polarities during the electrospinning. The surface properties of the different PCL fibers and films were measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and the zeta potential was measured using the electrokinetic technique. The effect of surface potential on the morphology of bone cells was examined using advanced microcopy, including 3D reconstruction based on a scanning electron microscope with a focused ion beam (FIB-SEM). Initial cell adhesion and collagen formation were studied using fluorescence microscopy and Sirius Red assay respectively, while calcium mineralization was confirmed with energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) and Alzarin Red staining. These studies revealed that cell adhesion is driven by both the surface potential and morphology of PCL fibers. Furthermore, the ability to tune the surface potential of electrospun PCL scaffolds provides an essential electrostatic handle to enhance cell-material interaction and cellular activity, leading to controllable morphological changes.

Keywords:
Surface potential,Kelvin probe force microscopy,Zeta potential,Cells,Adhesion,Mineralization

Krysiak Z.^♦, Kaniuk , Metwally S., Szewczyk P. K., Sroczyk E. A., Peer P., Lisiecka-Graca P., Bailey R. J., Bilotti E., Stachewicz U., Nano- and Microfiber PVB Patches as Natural Oil Carriers for Atopic Skin Treatment, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ISSN: 2576-6422, DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00854, Vol.3, No.11, pp.7666-7676, 2020

Abstract:
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a widespread disorder, with researchers constantly looking for more efficacious treatments. Natural oils are reported to be an effective therapy for dry skin, and medical textiles can be used as an alternative or supporting therapy. In this study, fibrous membranes from poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVB) with low and high molecular weights were manufactured to obtain nano- and micrometer fibers via electrospinning for the designed patches used as oil carriers for atopic skin treatment. The biocompatibility of PVB patches was analyzed using proliferation tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which combined with a focused ion beam (FIB) allowed for the 3D visualization of patches. The oil spreading tests with evening primrose, black cumin seed, and borage were verified with cryo-SEM, which showed the advantage nanofibers have over microfibers as carriers for low-viscosity oils. The skin tests expressed the usability and the enhanced oil delivery performance for electrospun patches. We demonstrate that through the material nano- and microstructure, commercially available polymers such as PVB have great potential to be deployed as a biomaterial in medical applications, such as topical treatments for chronic skin conditions.

Keywords:
PVB,electrospun fibers,biocompatibility,oil carriers,atopic skin patches

Sinan M.^♦, Analytic Approximate Solution of Rabies Transmission Dynamics Using Homotopy Perturbation Method, Matrix Science Mathematics (MSMK), ISSN: 2521-0831, DOI: 10.26480/msmk.01.2020.01.05, Vol.4, No.1, pp.01-05, 2020

Abstract:
In this paper, we consider a mathematical model of Rabies disease which is an infectious disease. The model we are considering is a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and it is difficult to find an exact solution. He’s Homotopy perturbation method is employed to compute an approximation to the solution of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The findings obtained by HPM are compared with a nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) and Runge-Kutta fourth order (RK4) methods. Some plots are presented to show the reliability and simplicity of the method.

Keywords:
Mathematical model, infectious, nonlinear ordinary, homotopy, equations

Szewczyk P. K., Metwally S., Krysiak Z.^♦, Kaniuk , Karbowniczek J. E., Stachewicz U., Enhanced osteoblasts adhesion and collagen formation on biomimetic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films for bone regeneration, Biomedical Materials, ISSN: 1748-6041, DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ab3c20, Vol.14, No.6, pp.065006-1-8, 2019

Abstract:
Bone tissue engineering can be utilized to study the early events of osteoconduction. Fundamental research in cell adhesion to various geometries and proliferation has shown the potential of extending it to implantable devices for regenerative medicine. Following this concept in our studies, first, we developed well-controlled processing of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film to obtain a surface biomimicking ECM. We optimized the manufacturing dependent on humidity and temperature during spin-coating of a polymer solution. The mixture of solvents such as dimethylacetamide and acetone together with high humidity conditions led to a biomimetic, highly porous and rough surface, while with lower humidity and high temperatures drying allowed us to obtain a smooth and flat PVDF film. The roughness of the PVDF film was biofabricated and compared to smooth films in cell culture studies for adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. The bioinspired roughness of our films enhanced the osteoblast adhesion by over 44%, and there was collagen formation already after 7 days of cell culturing that was proved via scanning electron microscopy observation, light microscopy imaging after Sirius Red staining, and proliferation test such as MTS. Cell development, via extended filopodia, formed profoundly on the rough PVDF surface, demonstrated the potential of the structural design of biomimetic surfaces to enhance further bone tissue regeneration.

Keywords:
PVDF,film,roughness,cell,adhesion,collagen

Postek E., Smallwood R., Hose R., Behaviour of Tensegrity Cells Assembly During Single Cell Growth, CMBE2009, 1st International Conference on Mathematical and Computational Biomedical Engineering, 2009-06-29/07-01, Swansea (GB), pp.415-418, 2009

Abstract:
The tensegrity structures form the cells of living organisms. We will deal with the cell monolayer. The
particular cell is an elementary icosahedron. We are interested in the influence of the cell growth on the
displacement and stress patterns in the cell matrix. The problem is geometrically nonlinear and visco
elastic.

Keywords:
Tensegrity, cell colonies, cell growth

Kleiber M., Hien T.D., Postek E., Incremental finite element formulation for nonlinear structural design sensitivity analysis, APCCM, Asian Pacific Conference on Computational Mechanics, 1991-12-11/12-13, Hong Kong (HK), pp.1211-1216, 1991

Abstract:
The purpose of the paper is to provide a finite element formulation for path dependent structural design sensitivity problems of nonlinear systems. The discussion is restricted to multi-degrees o freedom systems with fixed overall configuration. For consistency with the incremental description of equilibrium, the Taylor expansion about the current values of nodal displacements is made for the response functional and state functions of the systems. Both the direct differentiation and adjoint variable methods, as well as a mixed differentiation-adjoint technique are employed to evaluate 1st and 2nd order sensititvity increments during the load step. The total sensitivity is obtained by accumulating the incremental sensitivities.

Keywords:
design sensitivity, Upadated Lagrangian, nonlinear systems