Institute of Fundamental Technological Research

Nwaji N., Hyojin K., Birhanu Bayissa G., Osial M., Vapaavuori J., Lee J., Giersig M., A Stable Perovskite Sensitized Photonic Crystal P, ChemSusChem, ISSN: 1864-5631, DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400395, pp.2-9, 2024

Abstract:
The slow photon effect in inverse opal photonic crystals
represents a promising approach to manipulate the interactions
between light and matter through the design of material
structures. This study introduces a novel ordered inverse opal
photonic crystal (IOPC) sensitized with perovskite quantum dots
(PQDs), demonstrating its efficacy for efficient visible-lightdriven
H2 generation via water splitting. The rational structural
design contributes to enhanced light harvesting. The sensitization
of the IOPC with PQDs improves optical response performance
and enhances photocatalytic H2 generation under visible
light irradiation compared to the IOPC alone. The designed
photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 3.42 mAcm

Keywords:
Hydrogen production, inverse opals, perovskite, quantum dots, photocatalysts, photonic crystals

Pietrzyk-Thel P., Jain A., Bochenek K., Michalska M., Basista M. A., Szabo T., Nagy P., Wolska A., Klepka M., Flexible, tough and high-performing ionogels for supercapacitor application, Journal of Materiomics, ISSN: 2352-8478, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmat.2024.01.008, pp.1-41, 2024

Abstract:
Ionogels are an attractive class of materials for smart and flexible electronics and are prepared from the combination of a polymer and ionic liquid which is entrapped in this matrix. Ionogels provide a continuous conductive phase with high thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. However, because of the higher percentage of ionic liquids it is difficult to obtain an ionogel with high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability, which are very important from an application point of view. In this work, ionogel films with high flexibility, excellent ionic conductivity, and exceptional stability were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol as the host polymer matrix and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate as the ionic liquid using water as the solvent for energy storage application. The prepared ionogel films exhibited good mechanical stability along with sustaining strain of more than 100% at room temperature and low temperature, the ability to withstand twisting up to 360° and different bending conditions, and excellent ionic conductivity of 5.12 × 10−3 S/cm. The supercapacitor cell fabricated using the optimized ionogel film showed a capacitance of 39.9 F/g with an energy and power densities of 5.5 Wh/kg and 0.3 kW/kg, respectively confirming the suitability of ionogels for supercapacitor application.

Keywords:
Ionic liquid, Gel polymer electrolyte, Ionic conductivity, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, Supercapacitors

Birhanu Bayissa G., Teshome Tufa L., Nwaji Njemuwa N., Xiaojun H., Lee J., Advances in All‑Solid‑State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries for Commercialization, Nano-Micro Letters, ISSN: 2150-5551, DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01385-6, Vol.16, pp.2-38, 2024

Abstract:
Solid-state batteries are commonly acknowledged as the forthcoming evolution
in energy storage technologies. Recent development progress for these rechargeable
batteries has notably accelerated their trajectory toward achieving commercial
feasibility. In particular, all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) that rely
on lithium–sulfur reversible redox processes exhibit immense potential as an energy
storage system, surpassing conventional lithium-ion batteries. This can be attributed
predominantly to their exceptional energy density, extended operational lifespan, and
heightened safety attributes. Despite these advantages, the adoption of ASSLSBs in the
commercial sector has been sluggish. To expedite research and development in this particular
area, this article provides a thorough review of the current state of ASSLSBs. We
delve into an in-depth analysis of the rationale behind transitioning to ASSLSBs, explore
the fundamental scientific principles involved, and provide a comprehensive evaluation
of the main challenges faced by ASSLSBs. We suggest that future research in this field
should prioritize plummeting the presence of inactive substances, adopting electrodes with optimum performance, minimizing interfacial
resistance, and designing a scalable fabrication approach to facilitate the commercialization of ASSLSBs

Nthunya Lebea N., Kok Chung C., Soon Onn L., Woei Jye L., Eduardo Alberto L., Lucy Mar C., Shirazi Mohammad Mahdi A., Aamer A., Mamba Bhekie B., Osial M., Pietrzyk-Thel P., Pręgowska A., Mahlangu Oranso T., Progress in membrane distillation processes for dye wastewater treatment: A review, Chemosphere, ISSN: 0045-6535, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142347, pp.1-104, 2024

Abstract:
Textile and cosmetic industries generate large amounts of dye effluents requiring treatment before discharge. This wastewater contains high levels of reactive dyes, low to none-biodegradable materials and chemical residues. Technically, dye wastewater is characterised by high chemical and biological oxygen demand. Biological, physical and pressure-driven membrane processes have been extensively used in textile wastewater treatment plants. However, these technologies are characterised by process complexity and are often costly. Also, process efficiency is not achieved in cost-effective biochemical and physical treatment processes. Membrane distillation (MD) emerged as a promising technology harnessing challenges faced by pressure-driven membrane processes. To ensure high cost-effectiveness, the MD can be operated by solar energy or low-grade waste heat. Herein, the MD purification of dye wastewater is comprehensively and yet concisely discussed. This involved research advancement in MD processes towards removal of dyes from industrial effluents. Also, challenges faced by this process with a specific focus on fouling are reviewed. Current literature mainly tested MD setups in the laboratory scale suggesting a deep need of further optimization of membrane and module designs in near future, especially for textile wastewater treatment. There is a need to deliver customized high-porosity hydrophobic membrane design with the appropriate thickness and module configuration to reduce concentration and temperature polarization. Also, energy loss should be minimized while increasing dye rejection and permeate flux. Although laboratory experiments remain pivotal in optimizing the MD process for treating dye wastewater, their time-intensive nature poses a challenge. Given the multitude of parameters involved in MD process optimization, artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies present a promising avenue for assistance. Thus, AI-driven algorithms have the potential to enhance overall process efficiency, cutting down on time, fine-tuning parameters, and driving cost reductions. However, achieving an optimal balance between efficiency enhancements and financial outlays is a complex process. Finally, this paper suggests a research direction for the development of effective synthetic and natural dye removal from industrially discharged wastewater.

Keywords:
Energy Consumption,Dye Effluent,Fouling,Heat and Mass Transfer,Membrane and Module Design

Nwaji N., Fikadu B., Osial M., Moazzami Goudarzi Z., Asgaran S., Teshome Tufa L., Lee J., Giersig M., Disentangling the catalytic origin in defect engineered 2D NiCoMoS@Ni(CN)2 core-shell heterostructure for energy-saving hydrazine-assisted water oxidation, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, ISSN: 0360-3199, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.432, Vol.86, pp.554-563, 2024

Abstract:
The major hindrance to efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen generation from water electrolysis is the sluggish kinetics with corresponding large overvoltage of oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, we report a defective 2D NiCoMoS@Ni(CN)2 core-shell heterostructure derived from Hofmann-type MOF as an efficient and durable high-performance noble metal-free electrocatalyst for hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in alkaline media. The sluggish oxygen evolution reaction was replaced with a more thermodynamically favourable HzOR, enabling energy-saving electrochemical hydrogen production with 2D NiCoMoS@Ni(CN)2 acting as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for anodic HzOR and cathodic hydrogen generation. Operating at room temperature, the two-electrode electrolyzer delivers 100 mA cm−2 from a cell voltage of just 257 mV, with strong long-term electrochemical durability and nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency for hydrogen evolution in 1.0 M KOH aqueous solution with 0.5 M hydrazine. The density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the origin of catalytic performance and showed that high vacancy creation within the heterointerface endowed NiCoMoS@Ni(CN)2 with favourable functionalities for excellent catalytic performance.

Keywords:
Defect engineering, Core-shell, Electrocatalyst, Hydrazine oxidation, Heterostructure

Nwaji N., Fikadu B., Osial M., Gicha B.B., Warczak M., Fan H., Lee J., Giersig M., Atomically dispersed ruthenium in transition metal double layered hydroxide as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting, RENEWABLE ENERGY, ISSN: 0960-1481, DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121307, Vol.235, pp.1-10, 2024

Abstract:
Efficient and sustainable energy conversion depends on the rational design of single-atom catalysts. The control of the active sites at the atomic level is vital for electrocatalytic materials in alkaline and acidic electrolytes. Moreover, fabrication of effective catalysts with a well-defined surface structure results in an in-depth understanding of the catalytic mechanism. Herein, a single atom ruthenium dispersed in nickel-cobalt layered hydroxide (Ru-NiCo LDH) is reported. Through the precise controlling of the atomic dispersion and local coordination environment, Ru-NiCo LDH//Ru-NiCo LDH provides an ultra-low overpotential of 1.45 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the overall water splitting, which surpasses that of the state-of-the-art Pt/C/RuO2 redox couple. Density functional theory calculations show that Ru-NiCo LDH optimizes hydrogen evolution intermediate adsorption energies and promotes O-O coupling at a Ru-O active site for oxygen evolution, while Ni serves as the water dissociation site for effective water splitting. As a potential model, Ru-NiCo LDH shows enhanced water splitting performance with potential for the development of promising water-alkaline catalysts.

Witecka A., Pietrzyk-Thel P., Krajewski M., Sobczak K., Wolska A., Jain A., Preparation of activated carbon/iron oxide/chitosan electrodes for symmetric supercapacitor using electrophoretic deposition: A facile, fast and sustainable approach, JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, ISSN: 0925-8388, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174040, Vol.985, No.174040, pp.1-15, 2024

Abstract:
In this research, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was employed to prepare a porous composite film (ACF electrode) consisting of 90 wt% activated carbon particles, 10 wt% iron oxide nanoparticles, and a chitosan as binder in a facile, fast, and sustainable manner. This micro-mesoporous composite film, with a thickness of ∼45 µm and a surface area of ∼208.1 m2g−1, was coated on a stainless steel substrate. The SEM and TEM investigations proved the homogeneous distribution of carbon microparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles in the deposit, while the EDX, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS confirmed the chemical composition. ACF electrodes were also used in a symmetric two-electrode cell configuration with a sandwiched gel polymer electrolyte - PVdF(HFP)-PC-Mg(ClO4)2 and revealed a specific capacitance of ∼54.4 F g−1, along with satisfactory energy and power density of ∼4.7 Wh kg−1 and 1.2 kW kg−1, respectively, and excellent electrochemical stability up to ∼10,000 cycles (with merely 8.5% decay by the 5000th cycle). Obtained results confirmed the stability of the used system and its possible application in the field of energy storage and conversion.

Nwaji N., Getasew Mulualem Z., Juyong G., Hyojin K., Lemma Tushome T., Yujin C., Mahedra G., Hyeyoung S., Jaebeom L., Dimeric NiCo single-atom anchored on ultrathin N-doped 2D molybdenum carbide boosted performance in solid-state supercapacitor, Journal of Energy Storage, ISSN: 2352-152X, DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.110671, Vol.83, pp.1-10, 2024

Abstract:
Tuning the electronic structure of single-atom catalysts through dimeric single-atom formation could be an innovative approach to increasing their energy storage activity, but the process of achieving this is challenging. In this study, we designed a simple technique to obtain Nisingle bondCo single atom dimers (SADs) anchored on N-doped molybdenum carbide (N-Mo2C) through in-situ encapsulation of Nisingle bondCo into molybdenum polydopamine, followed by annealing with optimal tuning of nitrogen dopant. The Nisingle bondCo atomic level coordination was confirmed with X-ray absorption spectroscopy. When used as energy storage supercapacitor, The NiCo-SADs showed enhanced specific capacity (1004.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), enhanced rate capability (75 %), and exceptional cycling stability (93.6 % with 98.5 % coulombic efficiency) via a dominant capacitive charge storage. The augmented charge storage characteristics are attributed to the collaborative features of the active Nisingle bondCo constituents acting as electron reservoir for effective adsorption of HO− ion during the electrochemical process. The DFT study showed thermodynamically favorable OH− adsorption between the three metal bridges that promoted redox reaction kinetics and enhanced conductivity for the NiCo-SADs. When using N-Mo2C as the anode to fabricate hybrid supercapacitors, the device exhibits high energy density of 69.69 Wh kg−1 at power density of 8200 W kg−1, respectively and shows excellent long-term cycling stability (93.42 % after 3000 cycles), which affirms the potential of the assembled device for applications in solid state supercapacitors.

Zhang Y., Nwaji N.^♦, Wu L., Jin m., Zhou G., Giersig M., Wang X., Qiu T., Akinoglu E.M., MAPbBr3/Bi2WO6 Z-scheme-Heterojunction Photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, ISSN: 0022-2461, DOI: 10.1007/s10853-023-09220-w, Vol.59, pp.1498-1512, 2024

Abstract:
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction has emerged as a promising strategy for converting solar energy into valuable chemicals, capturing the attention of scientists across various disciplines. Organic and inorganic perovskites, particularly methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3), have demonstrated potential in this field due to their remarkable visible-light response and carrier transport properties. However, the catalytic performance of pristine MAPbBr3 has been limited by severe charge recombination, hindering its applicability in photocatalytic systems. Here, we show that a MAPbBr3/Bi2WO6 (MA/BWO) heterojunction significantly enhances photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance compared to individual pristine MA or BWO. This enhancement is evidenced by the superior performance of the 25% MA/BWO composite, which exhibits CO and CH4 release rates of 1.82 μmol/g/h and 0.08 μmol/g/h, respectively. This improvement is attributed to the direct Z-scheme heterojunction formed between MAPbBr3 and Bi2WO6, which facilitates efficient charge separation and suppresses charge recombination. The results challenge the previous understanding of MAPbBr3-based photocatalysts and demonstrate a novel approach for developing highly active organic and inorganic perovskite photocatalysts. The successful application of the MA/BWO heterojunction in photocatalytic CO2 reduction expands the scope of organic and inorganic perovskites in the field of renewable energy conversion. By providing a broader perspective, our findings contribute to the ongoing efforts towards sustainable energy solutions, appealing

Osial M., Wilczewski S., Godlewska U., Skórczewska K., Hilus J., Szulc J., Roszkiewicz-Walczuk A., Dąbrowska A., Moazzami Goudarzi Z., Lewandowski K., Wypych T., Nguyen Phuong T., Sumara G., Giersig M., Incorporation of Nanostructural Hydroxyapatite and Curcumin Extract from Curcuma longa L. Rhizome into Polylactide to Obtain Green Composite, Polymers, ISSN: 2073-4360, DOI: 10.3390/polym16152169, Vol.16, No.15, pp.2169-1-20, 2024

Abstract:
This study showed that a polylactide (PLA)-based composite filled with nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) and a natural extract from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. could provide an alternative to commonly used fossil-based plasticsfor food packaging. The incorporation of HAp into the PLA matrix had a positive effect on improving selected properties of the composites; the beneficial effect could be enhanced by introducing a green modifier in the form of an extract. Prior to the fabrication of the composite, the filler was characterized in terms of morphology and composition, and the composite was then fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, and optical properties were investigated. The proposed material exhibits antioxidant properties against DPPH radicals and antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results showed that the nanocomposite has the highest antioxidant and antibacterial properties for 10 wt% HAp with an average diameter of rod-shaped structures below 100 nm. In addition, the introduction of turmeric extract had a positive effect on the tensile strength of the nanocomposites containing 1 and 5% HAp. As the resulting material adsorbs light in a specific wavelength range, it can be used in the medical sector, food-packaging, or coatings.

Keywords:
polylactide, hydroxyapatite, turmeric extract, curcumin extract, green composite

Roszkiewicz-Walczuk A., Garlińska M., Pręgowska A., Advancements in Piezoelectric-Enabled Devices for Optical Communication, physica status solidi (a), ISSN: 1862-6319, DOI: 10.1002/pssa.202400298, Vol.2024, pp.2400298-1-25, 2024

Abstract:
The ability of piezoelectric materials to convert mechanical energy into electric energy and vice versa has made them desirable in the wide range of applications that oscillate from medicine to the energetics industry. Their implementation in optical communication is often connected with the modulation or other manipulations of the light signals. In this article, the recent advancements in the field of piezoelectrics-based devices and their promising benefits in optical communication are explored. The application of piezoelectrics-based devices in optical communication allows dynamic control, modulation, and manipulation of optical signals that lead to a more reliable transmission. It turns out that a combination of artificial-intelligence-based algorithms with piezoelectrics can enhance the performance of these devices, including optimization of piezoelectric modulation, adaptive signal processing, control of optical components, and increase the level of energy efficiency. It can enhance signal quality, mitigate interference, and reduce noise-connected issues. Moreover, this technological fusion can increase the security of optical communication systems. Finally, the potential future research lines are determined.

Zargarian S., Kupikowska-Stobba B., Kosik-Kozioł A., Bartolewska M., Zakrzewska A., Rybak D., Bochenek K., Osial M., Pierini F., Light-responsive biowaste-derived and bio-inspired textiles: Dancing between bio-friendliness and antibacterial functionality, Materials Today Chemistry, ISSN: 2468-5194, DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2024.102281, Vol.41, pp.102281-1-15, 2024

Abstract:
Functional antibacterial textiles fabricated from a hybrid of organic waste-derived and bio-inspired materials offer sustainable solutions for preventing microbial infections. In this work, we developed a novel antibacterial textile created through the valorization of spent coffee grounds (SCG). Electrospinning and electrospraying techniques were employed to integrate the biowaste within a polymeric nanofiber matrix, ensuring uniform particle distribution and providing structural support for enhanced applicability. Modification with polydopamine (PDA) significantly enhanced the textile's photothermal performance. Specific attention was paid to understanding the relation between temperature change and key variables, including the surrounding liquid volume, textile layer stacking, and applied laser power. Developed platforms demonstrated excellent photothermal stability. While the SCG-based textile demonstrated exceptional biocompatibility, the PDA-modified textile effectively eradicated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The developed textiles in our work demonstrate a dynamic balance between biocompatibility and on-demand antibacterial functionality, offering adaptable solutions in accordance with the desired application.

Keywords:
Organic waste valorization, Spent coffee grounds, Micro-nanostructured textiles, Bio-inspired photothermal agents, Polydopamine, Antibacterial textiles

Yonas S., Gicha B.B., Adhikari S., Sabir F.K., Tran V.T., Nwaji N., Gonfa B.A., Teshome Tufa L., Electric-Field-Assisted Synthesis of Cu/MoS2 Nanostructures for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Micromachines, ISSN: 2072-666X, DOI: 10.3390/mi15040495, Vol.15, No.495, pp.1-13, 2024

Abstract:
Molybdenum sulfide–oxide (MoS2, MS) emerges as the prime electrocatalyst candidate demonstrating hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity comparable to platinum (Pt). This study presents a facile electrochemical approach for fabricating a hybrid copper (Cu)/MoS2 (CMS) nanos- tructure thin-film electrocatalyst directly onto nickel foam (NF) without a binder or template. The synthesized CMS nanostructures were characterized utilizing energy-ispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical methods. The XRD result revealed that the Cu metal coating on MS results in the creation of an extremely crys-talline CMS nanostructure with a well-defined interface. The hybrid nanostructures demonstrated
higher hydrogen production, attributed to the synergistic interplay of morphology and electron dis-tribution at the interface. The nanostructures displayed a significantly low overpotential of −149 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 117 mV dec−1, indicating enhanced catalytic activity compared to pristine MoS2.This research underscores the significant enhancement of the HER performance and
conductivity achieved by CMS, showcasing its potential applications in renewable energy.

Keywords:
electrodeposition, hydrogen evolution reactions, catalytic activity, Cu/MoS2 nanostructures

Osial M., Ha G., Vu V., Nguyen P., Nieciecka D., Pietrzyk‑Thel P., Urbanek O., Olusegun S., Wilczewski S.^♦, Giersig M., Do H., Dinh T., One-pot synthesis of magnetic hydroxyapatite (SPION/HAp) for 5-fluorouracil delivery and magnetic hyperthermia, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, ISSN: 1388-0764, DOI: 10.1007/s11051-023-05916-x, Vol.26, No.7, pp.1-23, 2024

Abstract:
This work presents the synthesis and characterization of a composite made of superparamagnetic iron oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (SPION/HAp) with a well-developed surface for loading anticancer drugs and for use in magnetic hyperthermia and local chemotherapy. The proposed material was obtained by an easy one-pot co-precipitation method with a controlled ratio of SPION to HAp. The morphology was studied by SEM and TEM, indicating rod-like structures for high HAp content in the composite and granule-like structures with increasing SPION. Its crystallinity, elemental composition, and functional groups were determined by X-ray diffraction, EDS, and FT-IR, respectively. The nanocomposite was then stabilized with citrates (CA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and folic acid (FA) as agents to improve intracellular absorption, while turbidimetric studies confirmed that only citrates effectively stabilized the magnetic carriers to form a colloidal suspension. Subsequently, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was loaded into the magnetic carriers and tested in vitro using the L-929 cell line. The studies showed no cytotoxicity of the citrate-stabilized suspension against fibroblasts and some cytotoxicity after 5-FU release. In addition to in vitro studies, the composite was also tested on biomimetic membranes made of DOPC, DOPE, cholesterol, and DOPS lipids using Langmuir trough. The results show that the resulting suspension interacts with biomimetic membranes, while magnetic hyperthermia studies confirm effective heat generation to achieve therapeutic 42–46 °C and improve drug release from magnetic carriers.

Keywords:
SPION, Hydroxyapatite, Magnetic hyperthermia, Drug delivery, 5-fluorouracil, Biomimetic membranes, Nanostructures, Cancer treatment

Grigoryan N., Chudziński P., Role of electron-electron interactions in electron emission from nanotube materials, PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS, ISSN: 2475-9953, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.8.016003, Vol.8, pp.1-16, 2024

Abstract:
Nanotubes and nanorods have been recently established as very good materials to work as electron sources in a field emission (FE) process. These are one-dimensional materials and electron-electron interactions are expected to play a crucial role in their physics. Here we study the influence of electron-electron interactions on the field emission. We study the problem in the low energy regime; thus we need to abandon the antiadiabatic approximation and derive tunneling amplitude for a finite duration of the tunneling process. In this work we identified the parameters when exact analytic expression for tunneling current can be given. We obtained formalism that enables one to capture at the same time the collective effects due to electron-electron interactions and thermionic emission. Our results reveal that different types of nanotubes, and their minigap/compressibility parameters, can be easily distinguished based on FE measurements on these materials.

Olusegun S., Souza Guilhermina de O., Sutuła S., Osial M., Krajewski M.^♦, Pękała M., Sobczak K., Felis E., Krysiński P., Methotrexate anti-cancer drug removal using Gd-doped Fe3O4: Adsorption mechanism, thermal desorption and reusability, Groundwater for Sustainable Development, ISSN: 2352-801X, DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101103, Vol.25, pp.1-9, 2024

Keywords:
Adsorption,Thermal desorption,Gd-doped Fe3O4,Methotrexate

Nguyen Thu P., Nguyen Thi T., Pham Thi N., Do Thi H., Osial M., Minh Khoi L., Hong Nam N., Le Phuong T., Dinh Thi Mai T., Metal organic framework composite based on CuBTC/SPION for application in methylene blue adsorption, CLEAN Soil Air Water, ISSN: 1863-0669, DOI: 10.1002/clen.202300018, Vol.2300018, pp.1-17, 2024

Keywords:
cationic dyes, magnetic separation, MOF, nanocomposites

Pulov V., Kowalczuk W., Mladenov I.M., Geometry of Enumerable Class of Surfaces Associated with Mylar Balloons, Mathematics, ISSN: 2227-7390, DOI: 10.3390/math12040557, Vol.12, No.4, pp.557-1-18, 2024

Abstract:
In this paper, the very fundamental geometrical characteristics of the Mylar balloon like the profile curve, height, volume, arclength, surface area, crimping factor, etc. are recognized as geometrical moments ℐ

Keywords:
Mylar balloons, geometrical moments, elliptic integrals, beta and gamma functions, recursive relations, crimping factor, lemniscate constant