Institute of Fundamental Technological Research

The response of mechanical systems composed of springs and dashpots to a step input is of eminent interest in the applications. If the system is formed by linear elements, then its response is governed by a system of linear ordinary differential equations. In the linear case, the mathematical method of choice for the analysis of the response is the classical theory of distributions. However, if the system contains nonlinear elements, then the classical theory of distributions is of no use, since it is strictly limited to the linear setting. Consequently, a question arises whether it is even possible or reasonable to study the response of nonlinear systems to step inputs. The answer is positive. A mathematical theory that can handle the challenge is the so-called Colombeau algebra. Building on the abstract result by Průša and Rajagopal (Int J Non-Linear Mech 81:207–221, 2016), we show how to use the theory in the analysis of response of nonlinear spring–dashpot and spring–dashpot–mass systems.

mechanical systems, nonlinear ordinary differential equations, jump discontinuities, colombeau algebra

We derive a class of thermodynamically consistent variants of Maxwell/Oldroyd-B type models for incompressible viscoelastic fluids. In particular, we study the models that allow one to consider temperature dependent material coefficients. This naturally calls for the formulation of a temperature evolution equation that would accompany the evolution equations for the mechanical quantities. The evolution equation for the temperature is explicitly formulated, and it is shown to be consistent with the laws of thermodynamics and the evolution equations for the mechanical quantities. The temperature evolution equation contains terms that are ignored or even not thought of in most of the practically oriented (computational) works dealing with this class of fluids. The impact of the additional terms in the temperature evolution equation on the flow dynamics is documented by the solution of simple initial/boundary value problems.

Maxwell fluid, Oldroyd-B fluid, Temperature dependent material coefficients, Thermodynamics, Cylindrical Couette flow, Biaxial extension, Numerical simulations

Rigorous analysis of the response of nonlinear materials to step inputs requires one to simultaneously handle the discontinuity, differentiation, and nonlinearity. This task is however beyond the reach of the standard theories such as the classical theory of distributions and presents a considerable mathematical difficulty. New advanced mathematical tools are necessary to handle the challenge. An elegant and relatively easy-to-use framework capable of accomplishing the task is provided by the Colombeau algebra, which is a generalisation of the classical theory of distributions to the nonlinear setting. We use the Colombeau algebra formalism and derive explicit formulae describing the response of incompressible Maxwell viscoelastic fluid subject to step load/deformation in the lubricated squeeze flow setting.

Lubricating, viscoelastic fluid, Maxwell