Institute of Fundamental Technological Research

Multiphase metal matrix composites are used in modern industries like energy, aerospace, and automotive. The materials are used in severe loading conditions like impact loads or thermal shocks. The presentation concerns a data-driven model of an interpenetrated composite. The geometry of the material phases is obtained using CT scanning. Further details, namely, the distribution of voids and inclusions are found with the scanning as well. Based on CT scans the 3D finite element and peridynamics models are derived from. Former analyses [1, 2] showed the importance of the existence of an interface zone in multiphase composites. In the current presentation, the diffusion-based mechanism of forming the interphase zone is shown. A constitutive law evaluated in [3] is considered. The constitutive law for the cohesive zone was obtained using molecular dynamics simulations. The effects of the MD-based law on mesoscale samples are presented. Acknowledgment: Grant from National Science Committee (PL) UMO-2019/33/B/ST8/01263; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) [BPN/ULM/2021/1/00115/U/DRAFT/00001] Calculations: PL-GRID National Facilities: CYFRONET, Krakow, ICM at the University of Warsaw, TASK, Gdansk, Poland, and LUMI in Kajaani, Finland. References: [1] Felten, F., Schneider, G., and Sadowski T. Estimation of R-curve in WC/Co cermet by CT test. Int. J. Refract. Hard. Met., Vol. 26, pp. 55-60, 2008. [2] Postek, E. and Sadowski, T. Qualitative comparison of dynamic compressive pressure load and impact of WC/Co composite. Int. J. Refract. Hard. Met., Vol. 77, pp. 68-81, 2018. [3] Tahani, M., Postek, E., and Sadowski T., Investigating the Influence of Diffusion on the Cohesive ZoneModel of the SiC/Al Composite Interface, Molecules, Vol.28, No.19, pp. 6757-1-6757-19, 2023.

Multiphase materials, Diffusion, Consitituve law, Molecular dynamics

The interpenetrating composites consist of a scaffold and metallic matrix, which fills it being introduced under pressure. The scaffold is usually crushable. In our case, the SiC material stands for the skeleton, while the AlSi12 alloy is the matrix. Both materials are crushable. The SiC phase is brittle throughout the loading process, but the AlSi12 alloy is brittle during the elastic phase; then, its behaviour becomes viscous-plastic. The presentation concerns the experimental testing and simulations of the impact and fragmentation of metal matrix composite - AlSi12/SiC. The numerical model of the internal structure is created based on CT scanning. The microstructure of the composite is complex and consists of a metallic phase (85%), ceramic SiC skeleton, porosity, and a system of not perfect interfaces. The impacts are realized in the following few scenarios. The exemplary scenario is realized by imposing the initial conditions on the sample that hits a hard elastic barrier. The second one corresponds to SHPB experiments. The last one is the hitting of an elastic impactor against the sample. The influence of the impact velocities and material parameters of the phases on the failure modes is observed. Previously, analyses of the modes of loading application on the micromechanical failure of metal matrix composite were analysed in [1, 2]. An analysis of the empty SiC scaffolds is presented in [3]. The proposed finite element model of the AlSi12/SiC composite behaviour describing gradual degradation under impact loading was tested for different scenarios of hitting. In all cases, the growth of damage in the composite is very realistic. These results lead to the conclusion the proposed finite element model is very effective.

Acknowledgement: The results presented in this paper were obtained within the framework of research grant No. 2019/33/B/ST8/01263 financed by the National Science Centre, Poland. The numerical analyses were done in the ICM UW in Warsaw and in CI TASK in Gdańsk, Poland.

References:
[1] Postek, E. and Sadowski, T. Distributed microcracking process of WC/Co cermet under dynamic impulse compressive loading. Compos. Struct. (2018) 194: 494-508.
[2] Postek, E. and Sadowski, T. Qualitative comparison of dynamic compressive pressure load and impact of WC/Co composite. Int. J. Refract. Hard. Met. (2018) 77: 68-81.
[3] Postek, E., Sadowski, T. and Bieniaś, J. Simulation of impact and fragmentation of SiC skeleton, Phys. Letters (2021) 24:578-587.

Cermets, Interpenetration, Impact, Viscoplasticity, Peridynamics

Advanced multiphase ceramic composites (MCCs) are employed in several modern industrial sectors, for example, aerospace, automotive or energy. The composites are used when extreme conditions like variable loads, impact loads or thermal shocks are expected.
The presentation deals with examples of interpenetrated composites (IPCs). The previous analyses of the composite materials showed the significance of the interface between the phases for the loading resistance of the material [1,2]. The interface forming is affected by the diffusion of the materials. The effect of diffusion of the phases is presented in [3]. An attempt to include the mechanical properties of the interface based on atomistic simulations is given in the presentation.

An analysis of samples of IPC based on SiC ceramic skeleton and an aluminium alloy under impact is performed. The structure of the material is obtained with CT scans. The numerical model considers the properties of the interfaces between the phases. It has been noted that the interface properties are a significant feature of the materials.

Acknowledgement: Grant from National Scientific Committee (PL) UMO-2019/33/B/ST8; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) [BPN/ULM/2021/1/00115/U/DRAFT/00001].
Calculations: PL-GRID: CYFRONET, Krakow, Poland. ICM at the University of Warsaw, Poland and TASK, Gdansk, Poland.
References
[1] Felten, F., Schneider, G. and Sadowski T. Estimation of R-curve in WC/Co cermet by CT
test. Int. J. Refract. Hard. Met. (2008) 26: 55-60.
[3] Postek, E. and Sadowski, T. Qualitative comparison of dynamic compressive pressure load
and impact of WC/Co composite. Int. J. Refract. Hard. Met. (2018) 77: 68-81.
[3] Tahani M., Postek E. and Sadowski T. Molecular Dynamics Study of Interdiffusion for Cubic and Hexagonal SiC/Al Interfaces, Crystals (2023) 13(1):1-15.

Metal Matrix Composites, Cohesive law, Interface modelling, Diffusion, Molecular dynamics, Finite elements

Ceramic two-phases composites are used in such industries as the armaments industry, aviation, automotive, nuclear power, and space exploration. In several areas, they stand as the source of technological progress. The material is often subjected to extreme loads, such as variable dynamic loads and high temperatures. The paper presents experimental investigations of ballistic impact on ceramic /metal composites. The internal structure of the novel material consists of ceramic foam made of SiC and filled with Al alloy. The experiment was performed using the ballistic stand and spherical impactor of diameter 5 mm and mass 0.5 g. The impactor hit the sample of diameter 30 mm and thickness 4 mm with a velocity of 600 m/s. Fig. 1 presents crater after impact and defragmented sample. The numerical analysis of the fragmentation process was performed using the finite element method. The internal structure of the composite was assessed using micro-CT selecting both phases, i.e., ceramic foam and AL alloy. The phases are joined by a continuous very small thickness interface. The numerical calculations allow for the description of the whole degradation process of the analysed interpenetrating composite up to the final failure by fragmentation and confirm the novel applicability of the material as a protective layer against the high-velocity impact. Acknowledgement The work has been performed under the research grants 2019/33/B/ST8/01263, National Science Centre, Poland. The analyses were done in the ICM UW in Warsaw and in CI TASK in Gdańsk, Poland. References [1] T. Ohji and M. Singh, Engineered Ceramics: Current Status and Future Prospects: Wiley, 2015.

two-phase metal/ceramic composites, penetration experiments, numerical modelling

The interpenetrating composites consist of a scaffold and metallic matrix, which fills it being introduced under pressure. The scaffold is usually crushable. In our case, the SiC material stands for the skeleton, while the AlSi12 alloy is the matrix. Both materials are crushable. The SiC phase is brittle throughout the loading process, but the AlSi12 alloy is brittle during the elastic phase; then, its behaviour becomes viscous-plastic. The presentation concerns the simulations of impact and fragmentation of metal matrix composite - AlSi12/SiC. The numerical model of the internal structure is created based on CT scanning. The microstructure of the composite is complex and consists of metallic phase (85%), ceramic SiC skeleton, porosity, and system of not perfect interfaces. The impacts are realized in the following few scenarios. The exemplary scenario is realized by imposing the initial conditions on the sample that hits a hard elastic barrier. The second one corresponds to SHPB experiments. The last one is the hitting of an elastic impactor against the sample. The influence of the impact velocities and material parameters of the phases on the failure modes is observed. Previously, analyses of the modes of loading application on the micromechanical failure of metal matrix composite were analysed in [1, 2]. An analysis of the empty SiC scaffolds is presented in [3]. The proposed finite element model of the AlSi12/SiC composite behavior describing gradual degradation under impact loading was tested for different scenarios of hitting. In all cases, the growth of damage in the composite is very realistic. These results lead to the conclusion the proposed finite element model is very effective. Acknowledgment: The results presented in this paper were obtained within the framework of research grant No. 2019/33/B/ST8/01263 financed by the National Science Centre, Poland. The numerical analyses were done in the ICM UW in Warsaw, CYFRONET AGH in Krakow and in CI TASK in Gdańsk, Poland.

Impact, Interpenetrated Ceramic Composites, Fragmentation, Peridynamics