Institute of Fundamental Technological Research

In the present work the constitutive model of 316L and 304 stainless steel subjected to mechanical loading at cryogenic temperatures is derived. Three main coupled dissipative phenomena taking place in the material: plastic flow, plastic strain-induced transformation from the primary phase (γ) to the secondary phase (α′), and evolution of micro-damage are considered using a thermodynamically consistent framework. The approach based on total energy equivalence, originally developed for damaged materials, is here extended to modelling not only damage but also phase transformation, in a consistent manner. The proposed model is implemented numerically and validated by means of parametric studies, and by comparison with the experimental results. Very good qualitative and quantitative results are obtained.

constitutive modelling, plasticity, damage, phase transformation, cryogenic temperatures

In the present work, the total energy equivalence hypothesis was applied in constitutive modeling of engineering materials. The approach originally developed for damaged materials, was extended to modeling not only damage but also other dissipative phenomena, like phase transformation, in a consistent manner. The proposed model was examined by means of parametric studies to show its ability to reflect different experimentally observed features of real materials.

Constitutive modeling, dissipative material, plasticity, damage, phase transformation

A macroscopic material model for simulation of coupled dissipative phenomena taking place in FCC metals and alloys at low temperatures is developed. Three phenomena: plastic flow, plastic strain induced transformation from the parent phase ( to the secondary phase ( and evolution of micro-damage are studied using a thermodynamically consistent framework. The experimental results indicate a correlation between decreasing damage rate and increasing martensite content. For the micro-damage evolution in the parent austenitic phase a generalization of the classical isotropic ductile damage concept to anisotropic model has been adopted. The kinetics of damage evolution is based on the accumulated plastic strain as a driving force of ductile damage. On the other hand, the deterioration of the brittle secondary phase is described by the damage evolution equation expressed in the form of tensorial function, where the damage tensor depends directly on the stresses applied. This formulation accounts both for the isotropic damage, and for the oriented damage due to different effects of the stress tensor. Total amount of damage in the representative volume element is obtained via the linear rule of mixture. The results obtained in the course of numerical simulations fit well the experimental data

B. Constitutive behavior, A. Microcracking, A. Phase transformation, Cryogenic temperature