Institute of Fundamental Technological Research

Prof. dr hab. Józef Lewandowski, editor-in-chief of the quarterly "Archives of Acoustics" (in 1988-1996) and deputy editor-in-chief of this journal (in 1981-1987 and also 1997-2003) died on September 22, 2022. His scientific interests in the field of acoustics were formed during his master's studies in physics at the University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań (Mater degree thesis's topic: Limits of audibility of nonlinear distortions of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th degree for pure fifths, including combined tones). He was initially associated with the Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, where he defended his doctorate in Physics, and then with the Institute of Fundamental Technological Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences (he obtained his habilitation and the title of professor of technical sciences at the institute). He completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Academy of Sciences of the NRD in Dresden and was a DAAD scholarship holder at the University of Würzburg. He was also employed as a contract worker at the Institute of Problems in Mechanics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in Moscow. He received the award of the Scientific Secretary of the Polish Academy of Sciences for a series of publications on the structure and acoustic properties of heterogeneous media. Professor J. Lewandowski was a member of the Acoustics Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences, as well as a member and secretary of the Scientific Council of the Institute of Fundamental Technological Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He was a supervisor of two doctorates at IPPT PAN and one master's degree at the Warsaw University of Technology. Decorated with the Gold Cross of Merit.

Józef Lewandowski, physicists, Polish professors

filozofia przyrodoznawstwa, filozofia nauki, teologia nauki

Methodology of Science,Philosophy of Science

antropologia filozoficzna, historia filozofii nowożytnej, literaturoznawstwo

etyka środowiskowa

metafizyka, antropologia filozoficzna, literaturoznawstwo

religioznawstwo, filozofia religii, literaturoznawstwo

Nauki o kulturze

Information systems are sometimes implemented into dissemination of digital information resources. Information is the longest-lived component of the information system. Information about each facility is collected only once and made available to all processes that need it and have the right to use it. Since computer systems have become text-processing systems, there has been a need to organize information about documents.
Metadata plays a key role in finding the information resources we need. Metadata is a tool to represent information in a formalized way. With the use of metadata, it is possible to collect, store and manage knowledge in any cognitive area. Within the framework of the digital library, a specialization is developing which includes sources with the same or similar metadata. As a result of the introduced standardization of metadata, they can be used to model data from various fields of science, which can be seen on the example of the Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes, where apart from mathematical and engineering resources, there are also botanical and linguistic collections.
The advantage of the Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes is building a very complex structure based on publications in the area of interest of library users – researchers developing various scientific disciplines. Another advantage of the Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes is the fact that it carries out the postulate of the quality of the collected electronic documents or references to them with great care, because the texts written by outstanding representatives of Polish science developing their research in scientific institutes have been digitized. The selection of document sources is of fundamental importance for the quality of digital libraries. The Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes collects documents according to specific subject criteria; includes stationery, as well as herbariums, research data, unique archives and photographs, as well as photographic documentation of research expeditions.

scientific information, information systems, digital repository

W obszarze badań naukowych informacja jest wykorzystywana jako źródło informacji o istniejących obiektach. Informacja ma zatem podstawowe znaczenie w zakresie powstawanie wiedzy, składając się w istotny sposób na tworzenie przekazów wiedzy – opisów doświadczeń empirycznych, narracji, pojęć, koncepcji, definicji, twierdzeń, aksjomatów. Jednocześnie problematyczne jest definiowanie informacji z powodu braku określenia specyfiki jej natury. Twórca pierwszej koncepcji naukowej z zakresu cybernetyki, Norbert Wiener, przyjmował pojęcie informacji jako trzeciego elementu, obok masy i energii, niezbędnego do opisu świata fizycznego. Zgodnie z przyjętą przeze mnie koncepcją, stosuję termin informacja w znaczeniu źródła danych o obiektach, gdzie dane te mogą być połączone w kolekcje. Dane to sposób reprezentacji informacji w sposób sformalizowany, a przez to umożliwiający jej komunikowanie, interpretowanie, przechowywanie w pamięci, jak również jej przetwarzanie. Przy wykorzystaniu danych możliwe jest zgromadzenie, przechowywanie i zarządzanie wiedzą z zakresu naszego obszaru poznawczego i przedstawienie jej również w formie informacji cyfrowej. W swej większości dane są strukturami złożonymi. Do zarządzania danymi wykorzystywane są metadane, które są sformułowane w przyjętym standardzie metadanych, i są interpretowane przez system informacyjny. Metadane mogą być również integralną częścią obiektów, które opisują. Do gromadzenia metadanych służą repozytoria metadanych. W rezultacie wprowadzonej standaryzacji metadanych, mogą one zostać wykorzystane do modelowania danych również z obszaru nauki. Standaryzacja metadanych umożliwia maszynom inteligentnym pobranie metadanych i poddanie ich przetwarzaniu – w wyniku implementacji określonej standaryzacji metadanych, również dane zasilają różne systemy informacyjne, zwiększając tym samym zakres i zasięg wykorzystania danych.

informatologia, informacja, dane, metadane, zarządzanie informacją

Information theory and its application to the biology and medicine (Abstract). Information theory was founded by Claude E. Shannon in 1948. According to the C. Shannon theory, the information about an event is measured as the probability of the occurrence of the event. The cognitive possibilities which are related to the processes of knowing, understanding and learning something about the phenomenon under study, are employed also in the scientific researches into biology and medicine. A fair stock of information is contained in a living cell of an organism. The structure of an albumen is defined by the information contained in genes. The four-letter DNA language determines the laws governing the twenty-letter language of each albumen. Therefore, a genetitic information may be saved in the form of an one-dimensional instruction. C. Shannon defined mathematically the concept of the decisive information which is the measure of the decision taken on the classification of a sent out sign. In medicine making an exact diagnosis seems to be of key meaning. Proposing a suitable algorithm for generating the diagnosis process we arrive at the objectivity of the process since each illness may be regarded as a message obtained statistically. That is justified by the fact that the defined factors predispose us to some illnesses. In this way it is possible on the base of the theory of information to formalize the process of medical diagnosis.

bibliotekoznawstwo, zarządzanie kulturą

zarządzanie informacją, zarządzanie wiedzą, zarządzanie marketingowe

literaturoznawstwo